Apple Final Cut Express HD Manuale Utente Scaricare il pdf (Pagina 9)

Glossary

Here are some terms you should know if you’re editing digital video.

4x3. e aspect ratio of standard television, as opposed to the 16x9 of high denition television. See aspect

ratio.

16x9. e aspect ratio of wide screen television (may be either standard or high denition) as opposed to the

4x3 of standard television. See aspect ratio.

Anamorphic. Refers to wide-screen video that has been“squeezed” to t into a standard denition 4x3 frame. It

must be unsqueezed for playback in the proper aspect ratio. See aspect ratio.

Aspect ratio. e ratio of the horizontal dimension to the vertical dimension of a picture. Widescreen video is

1.78:1 (a.k.a. 16x9), and standard video and 16mm lm is 1.33:1 (4x3).

AVCHD. A modern, high denition video codec used for consumer cameras that shoot to some variation of

tapeless media (ash card, hard drive, etc). Requires more space when editing (it is usually transcoded to an

intermediate format for editing like Apple Intermediate Codec or ProRes 422 since it’s very diﬃcult to edit

directly) than HDV, but produces higher-quality images.

Byte (B). Unit of binary data storage, technically 8 binary bits (each bit is a binary digit, either 1 or 0). ink of

it as the equivament of a single character in a word processing document. Typically a single pixel (dot on the

screen) of video requires three bytes of storage. See Megabyte, Gigabyte.

B-roll. Shots in a documentary that are used to illustrate what an interviewee is talking about or to cover breaks

in an interview. Often used to refer to the footage that is shot for the purpose of using later as cutaway shots.

Capture. e act of transferring digital video tape material from a camera into a non-linear editing system. See

also Import.

Codec. Compressor/Decompressor. See Appendix A, “Video Formats Explained”.

Compression. e process of reducing the amount of digital information required to represent an image.

Cutaway. A shot of an image or action in a lm which is not part of the main action, sometimes used to cover

breaks in a scene’s continuity. In documentary often called “B-roll.”

Cutting on action. Editing two shots at a point where the movement in the rst one is not yet completed and

where the movement in the second one has already begun. Along with an angle change can be a very seamless

edit providing the viewer with the impression that the action is continuous and uninterrupted.

Dailies. In lm production the rst positive prints or video transfer made by the laboratory from the negative

shot on the previous day. Also known as rushes. It can also mean on a video production the video shot the same

day when it’s watched at the end of the day. Depending on the production, it’s a good idea to view footage

periodically to make sure you’re getting what you want.

Digitizing. e act of taking analog video and converting it to digital form. e term is often used

synonymously with ingest or capture, which is the process of transferring a digital video format into a non-

linear editing system (it’s already digital, so you are simply capturing or ingesting, you’re not actually digitizing).

Double-system sound. e technique of recording sound and image using separate recording devices. In lm

production this is the normal methodology since lm camera can’t record sound, however, it is sometimes used

in video as well when mobility is required by the sound recordist who may want to avoid running wires to feed

the video camera with the audio signal.

Drop out. Loss of a portion of an audio or video signal, usually caused by an imperfection in the tape’s coating

or dirt covering a portion of the tape. HDV, due to its long GOP format is particularly susceptible to drop outs

because an drop out is likely to aﬀect multiple frames. Hi8 was a format notorious for drop outs.

DV. A standard denition video codec commonly used for consumer cameras that shoot using miniDV tapes.

Cameras are inexpesive and a wide range of computers can be used to edit it since it’s an intra-frame codec.

Currently in the process of being eclipsed by a variety of consumer HD formats. See also HDV.

Field. One half of a complete video image (frame), containing all the odd or even scanning lines of the image.

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Apple Final Cut Express HD Manuale Utente Pagina 9

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