Apple WebObjects 5 Manuale Utente

WebObjects Overview January 2002

10 Further Investigations  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 1 About This Book Because WebObjects provides four distinct approaches to d

GLOSSARY 100  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002referential integrity The rules governing the consistency of relationships.relational database A datab

GLOSSARY Glossary101  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002uniquing A mechanism to ensure that, within a given context, only one object is associated wit

102  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 GLOSSARY Glossary

103 IndexAadaptor (WebObjects) 15, 41, 44Apache API 44Apple documentation 11applet 56, 83applets 69application object 41application process 44a

INDEX104 Direct to Java Client applicationadvantages of 91–96combining with HTML-based approach 94creating 68–85disadvantages of 91–96extending c

INDEX105 Java Client 17, 64user interface of 20Java Client application 16–18, 65–85advantages of 91–96applets 83architecture of 75–80combining

INDEX106 primary key 32Project Builder 22, 45, 82, 88properties 25displaying 55values for 50prototype 64, 93proxy 81Pure Java 22Qquery page 51q

107 architecture of 43–44combining with Direct to Web 95combining with Java Client 94developing 44–46disadvantages of 91–96HTML-based 16–17, 64

108

CHAPTER 1 About This BookFurther Investigations 11  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 Installed Developer Documentation When you install the WebO

Dynamic HTML Publishing 13  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 2 2 What Is WebObjects? From an information technology perspective, WebObj

14 Dynamic HTML Publishing  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects? A typical website is organized like Figure 2-1. A us

CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects?Dynamic HTML Publishing 15  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 Figure 2-2 shows a WebObjects-based dynamic publishing

16 Web-Enabled Client-Server Applications  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects? This type of WebObjects application i

CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects?Web-Enabled Client-Server Applications 17  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 buttons, checkboxes, and tables) to com

18 Web-Enabled Client-Server Applications  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects? Figure 2-3 A website running Java Cli

CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects?Rapid Development 19  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 Rapid Development WebObjects is both powerful and flexible.

 Apple Computer, Inc.© 2000–2002 Apple Computer, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sy

20 The WebObjects Advantage  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects? Out of the box, Direct to Web generates Web pages f

CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects?The WebObjects Advantage 21  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 mechanism for cleanly instantiating business objects

22 The WebObjects Advantage  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects? Modular Development The power of WebObjects comes f

CHAPTER 2 What Is WebObjects?The WebObjects Advantage 23  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 Figure 2-4 Multiple instances, multiple applicationsA

What Is an Enterprise Object? 25  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 3 3 Enterprise Objects As mentioned in “What Is WebObjects?” (page 1

26 What Is an Enterprise Object?  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 3Enterprise ObjectsIn addition to providing classes that manage a set of

CHAPTER 3Enterprise ObjectsWhat Is an Enterprise Object? 27  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 3-1 Connecting enterprise objects to data and th

28 What Is an Enterprise Object?  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 3Enterprise Objectsmany applications as you need, with any user interface

CHAPTER 3Enterprise ObjectsMapping Your Enterprise Objects to Database Tables 29  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Because of the controller's c

3  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 Contents Figures and Tables 7 Chapter 1 About This Book 9Why Read This Book 9Further Investigations 10Instal

30 Mapping Your Enterprise Objects to Database Tables  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 3Enterprise ObjectsFigure 3-2 Mapping between an en

CHAPTER 3Enterprise ObjectsWebObjects Support for Enterprise-Object Instances 31  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 3-3 Mapping relationshipsWe

32 WebObjects Support for Enterprise-Object Instances  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 3Enterprise Objectsin-memory enterprise-object insta

CHAPTER 3Enterprise ObjectsWebObjects Support for Enterprise-Object Instances 33  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002LockingWebObjects offers three typ

34 The Enterprise Objects Advantage  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 3Enterprise ObjectsThe Enterprise Objects AdvantageA hallmark feature

CHAPTER 3Enterprise ObjectsThe Enterprise Objects Advantage 35  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 It’s more maintainable. With WebObjects, you don’t

36 The Enterprise Objects Advantage  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 3Enterprise Objects It improves back-end portability. Database vendor

A Programmer’s View of WebObjects 37  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002CHAPTER 4 4 HTML-Based ApplicationsThe HTML-based application approach allows

38 A Programmer’s View of WebObjects  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsThese advantages are discussed in more detail

CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsA Programmer’s View of WebObjects 39  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 4-1 The files of a WebObjects component

4  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CONTENTS WebObjects Support for Enterprise-Object Instances 31The Enterprise Objects Advantage 34 Chapter

40 A Programmer’s View of WebObjects  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsSome dynamic elements have no HTML counterpar

CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsA Programmer’s View of WebObjects 41  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002subcomponent. Like dynamic elements, reusable

42 A Programmer’s View of WebObjects  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 4HTML-Based Applicationscomponent’s bindings file relates the compone

CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsThe WebObjects Architecture 43  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002The WebObjects ArchitectureWhen you run a WebObjects

44 Developing a WebObjects HTML Application  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsHere is a brief description of the ele

CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsDeveloping a WebObjects HTML Application 45  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Project BuilderAs its name implies, Pro

46 Developing a WebObjects HTML Application  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsWebObjects BuilderYou use WebObjects B

CHAPTER 4HTML-Based ApplicationsGuidelines for Choosing the HTML-Based Approach 47  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Guidelines for Choosing the HTML

49  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002CHAPTER 5 5 Direct to Web ApplicationsDirect to Web is a technology that creates HTML-based Web applications tha

CONTENTS 5  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 Two Approaches to Java Client 71Choosing an Approach 74Java Client Architecture 76Managing the Use

50  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsAfter the user logs in, Direct to Web displays its first dynamically generat

CHAPTER 5Direct to Web Applications51  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 5-3 A query pageWhen the user clicks the Query button on the query pag

52  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsFigure 5-4 A list pageNote that each Movie enterprise object on the list pag

CHAPTER 5Direct to Web Applications53  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 5-6 An edit pageThe user edits a relationship using an edit-relationsh

54  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsFigure 5-8 The menu headerEvery Direct to Web application appears in one of

CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsHow Direct to Web Works 55  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 5-10 An example Basic look pageHow Direct to W

56 How Direct to Web Works  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsDirect to Web template displaying a list page for Mo

CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsHow Direct to Web Works 57  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002that override the default rules for special cases. Th

58 Developing a Direct to Web Application  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsDeveloping a Direct to Web Applicatio

CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsDeveloping a Direct to Web Application 59  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 5-13 The Direct to Web Assistan

60 Developing a Direct to Web Application  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsFigure 5-14 The Entities pane of the

CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsDeveloping a Direct to Web Application 61  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 5-15 The Rule EditorFurther Cus

62 Advantages of the Direct to Web Approach  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 5Direct to Web Applicationsyou instruct the Direct to Web Assi

CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsLimitations 63  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 It allows you to focus on business logic instead of on the user

64 Guidelines for Choosing Direct to Web  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 5Direct to Web ApplicationsGuidelines for Choosing Direct to WebI

65  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002CHAPTER 6 6 WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsWebObjects recognizes the need for distributed, three-tier applicatio

66 Java Client Features  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsFigure 6-1 A sample Java Client applicationWebObje

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsJava Client Features 67  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Better User ExperienceJava Client applications diff

68 Java Client Features  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop Applicationsreverting, undoing, adding objects, editing object

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsWhen To Choose Java Client 69  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002When To Choose Java ClientJava Client is a gr

7  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 Figures and Tables Chapter 2 What Is WebObjects? 13Figure 2-1 A static publishing site 14Figure 2-2 A dynami

70 When To Choose Java Client  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsIn WebObjects 5.1, the Java Client Class Loa

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsTwo Approaches to Java Client 71  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 Client-side processing: Web applications

72 Two Approaches to Java Client  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop Applications Rule Editor freezing XML freezing .ni

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsTwo Approaches to Java Client 73  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 6-2 A typical Java Client applicati

74 Two Approaches to Java Client  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsFigure 6-3 A typical Direct to Java Clien

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsTwo Approaches to Java Client 75  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002techniques work at a higher level than raw

76 Java Client Architecture  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsJava Client ArchitectureThe Java Client archit

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsJava Client Architecture 77  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 6-5 (page 77) elaborates the architectur

78 Java Client Architecture  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsFigure 6-6 Architecture of a Direct to Java Cl

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsJava Client Architecture 79  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002The client and server applications have duties

8  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 5-5 An inspect page 52Figure 5-6 An edit page 53Figure 5-7 An edit relationship

80 Java Client Architecture  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsWorking back up the diagram on the right side,

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsJava Client and Other Three-Tier Systems 81  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Although requested objects are

82 Java Client and Other Three-Tier Systems  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsClient JDBC applications use a

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsDevelopment Tasks and Tools 83  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Development Tasks and ToolsThe most basic ta

84 Development Tasks and Tools  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsCreating the User Interface (Non-Direct)A J

CHAPTER 6WebObjects Desktop ApplicationsDevelopment Tasks and Tools 85  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Figure 6-8 Composing a user interface with I

into an application’s main menu. Additionally, you can also subclass Direct to Java Client classes to change the way an application performs a particu

87  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002CHAPTER 7 7 J2EE IntegrationSun’s J2EE (Java 2, Enterprise Edition) platform aims at laying out an infrastructur

88 Enterprise JavaBeans  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 7J2EE IntegrationEnterprise JavaBeansEnterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is a specification

CHAPTER 7J2EE IntegrationJSP and Servlets 89  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002JSP and ServletsServlets are generic server extensions that expand the

Why Read This Book 9  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 1 1 About This Book WebObjects is an application server with tools, technologies

Internet and Intranet Deployment 91  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002CHAPTER 8 8 Choosing Your ApproachChoosing between the four WebObjects approach

92 User Interface Requirements  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 8Choosing Your ApproachJava Client and Direct to Java Client applications a

CHAPTER 8Choosing Your ApproachRapid Development Considerations 93  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002interface’s flexibility. Direct to Web is highly

94 Combining Approaches  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 8Choosing Your Approachapplications as well. For internal applications, the user i

CHAPTER 8Choosing Your ApproachSummary 95  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Adding Rapid DevelopmentThe WebObjects HTML-based and Direct to Web appro

96 Where to Go From Here  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002 CHAPTER 8Choosing Your ApproachDirect to Java Client allows you to quickly develop data-d

97  Apple Computer, Inc. January 20029 Glossaryadaptor, WebObjects A process (or a part of one) that connects WebObjects applications to an HTTP serv

GLOSSARY 98  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Direct to Web template A component used in Direct to Web applications that can generate a web page for

GLOSSARY 99  Apple Computer, Inc. January 2002Java Client A WebObjects development approach that allows you to create graphical user interface applic