Apple Logic Express 8 Manuale Utente

Logic Express 8User Manual

10 ContentsChapter 30 667 Advanced Tempo Operations667 Tempo Display668 Using the Tempo Track672 Recording Tempo Changes673 Adjusting the Tempo to Fit

100 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemSetting Up Core Audio DevicesLogic Express automatically recognizes any installed Core Audio hardware, and will

1000 GlossaryAutopunch function Autopunch refers to an automatic entry and exit of record mode at predefined positions. Autopunch mode is most common

Glossary 1001bit depth The number of bits used by a digital recording or digital device. The number of bits in each sample determines the (theoretica

1002 GlossaryCamera tool The Camera tool is used to select, and export, sections of the Score Editor display as PDF files.Caps Lock Keyboard Logic E

Glossary 1003Clipboard The Clipboard is an invisible area of memory, into which you cut or copy selected data, using the Edit menu. Data stored in th

1004 GlossaryControls view All Logic Express plug-ins (and Audio Units) offer a non-graphical alternative to the Editor views of effect and instrumen

Glossary 1005decay An envelope parameter that determines the time it takes for a signal to fall from the maximum attack level to the sustain level. S

1006 Glossarydrag & drop Grabbing objects with the mouse, moving them, and releasing the mouse button.driver Drivers are software programs that

Glossary 1007Environment layer A page in the Environment, used to organize objects. Objects of the same type (MIDI objects, for example) are generall

1008 GlossaryFinger tool Tool (as used in the Piano Roll Editor, for example) that looks like a hand with an extended index finger. This tool allows

Glossary 1009GM Abbreviation for General MIDI. A standard for MIDI sound modules that specifies a uniform set of instrument sounds on the 128 program

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 101Recording DelayThis parameter allows you to delay the recording of audio by a certain fixed value, helping you

1010 Glossaryicon Small graphic symbol. In Logic Express, an icon may be assigned to each track.importing The process of bringing files of various t

Glossary 1011interleaved audio file Logic Express handles multi-channel (stereo) audio files as interleaved. Edits to interleaved files affect both c

1012 Glossarylocators Lower two sets of numbers, displayed to the right of the position indicators in the Transport bar. The number on top is the lef

Glossary 1013merge Mix, or combine, two or more MIDI events or regions into a single event or region.metadata Metadata is additional descriptive inf

1014 GlossaryMIDI Time Code (MTC) Translation of a SMPTE time code signal into a MIDI standard time code signal. MTC is used to synchronize Logic Exp

Glossary 1015multi instrument object An object in the Logic Express Environment that represents a multi timbral hardware or software device that reac

1016 Glossaryoffset The playback point in a source audio file can differ from the start point (anchor) of the file. This is known as an offset or sta

Glossary 1017Piano Roll Editor A MIDI event editor that displays note events as horizontal beams. Events can be cut, copied, moved, and resized in a

1018 Glossaryproject folder In Logic Express, the top-level folder that can contain all media associated with a project, including audio files, sampl

Glossary 1019record-enable Audio tracks musty be manually armed (record-enabled) before you can record on them. MIDI and software instrument tracks a

102 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemReWire BehaviorUse this menu to configure the ReWire behavior when sending MIDI data to a ReWire compatible sof

1020 Glossarysample A digital recording of a sound at a particular instant in time.Sample Editor The Logic Express Sample Editor allows audio files

Glossary 1021score set A collection of various staff styles, staffs, and other elements shown in the Score Editor can be saved as a score set. This f

1022 GlossarySignature track Global track that shows all time and key signatures of a project.Signature List A Logic Express window that lists all t

Glossary 1023split channel audio files Both sides of stereo audio files are usually dealt with together. These files are said to be interleaved. Edit

1024 GlossarySync button This button, found on the Transport bar, activates/deactivates external synchronization mode.synchronization Method of keep

Glossary 1025time code A format (and signal) for assigning a unique, sequential time unit to each frame of video or project position. The SMPTE time

1026 Glossarytransposition Transposition is the act of changing the pitch of an audio or MIDI region (or event) by a number of semitones. Transpositi

Glossary 1027window type Status of the window as a float window or a normal window. Float windows always float in the foreground and can not be hidde

1029IndexIndexAAAC. See Advanced Audio Codec (AAC)AAF filedescribed 997exporting 663opening/importing 663accelerando 997accents (notation)

5 1035 Navigating Your ProjectIn this chapter, you will learn how to play, repeat, and move to different parts of your projects.Logic Express off

1030 Index editing automation data 613editing MIDI events 412editing regions 309–365overview 30shortcut menu 319Snap menu 309overriding snap gri

Index 1031 removing DC offset 529removing from project 285, 299removing silent passages 549renaming 563reversing 527reversing phase 529savingcop

1032 Index bar, described 1000bar line (notation). See notationBar ruler 49, 1000display modes 75beat 1000beat mapping 683–688improving accuracy

Index 1033 Clip Detector 578creating 191–195customizing display 601Group slot. See group (Mixer)in Mixer 572input format 218effect on Plug-in men

1034 Index audio file 565automation 624event definition 454marker into scene marker 839ReCycle files to Apple Loops 644region loop into alias/clo

Index 1035 drum-mode device 907DSP. See digital signal processingducking 241Duplicate Track button 195DVD-Audio burning 635dynamic range 1006Dyna

1036 Index in Arrange window 411, 460overview 459pasting event 465pitch bend event 471poly pressure event 473program change event 472protecting

Index 1037 Freeze function 208, 1008freeze files 211refreshing freeze files 212From Regions button (Marker track) 126GGarageBand project, opening

1038 Index default 438deleting 457naming 457II/O Buffer Size setting 100I/O plug-in 262iconassigning to template file 156track/instrument 204,

Index 1039 Individual Track Zoom Reset for All Tracks 204Lock/Unlock Current Screenset 80Make Groove Template 485Move Selected Regions to Current T

104 Chapter 5 Navigating Your ProjectTo place the playhead in the Bar ruler:m Click the desired position in the lower third of the Bar ruler.Double

1040 Index forcing for notes 427forcing in region 365levelsetting for channel strip 576switching between two values 577Level fader 220level meter

Index 1041 meta event 474controlling transformer object 922list of 951meta event fader 949, 951metronomeSee also MIDI Click objectKlopfGeist 371s

1042 Index MIDI Machine Control 861activating transmission 856, 861controlling Logic 856MIDI Out button 412MIDI recording. See recordingMIDI regio

Index 1043 notationSee also Score Editoraccents 714accidental 717changing display 771distance from note 771bar linedeleting 740in Part box 716in

1044 Index resizing objects 728restschanging type/duration 736in Part box 717inserting manually 735Score parameter 769score set. See score setslu

Index 1045 Pan/Balance control. See Balance/Pan controlparallel effect routing 246Part box (Score Editor). See notationPaste at Original Position fun

1046 Index resetting 238saving 239switching to next/previous 237plug-in window 232–241, 1017Bypass button 236closing 232Compare button 236Contr

Index 1047 Recording 965saving 962Score 811Clefs & Signatures 824Colors 830Global 812Guitar Tab 820Layout 826MIDI Meaning 828Numbers &

1048 Index region 291adjusting to fit other regions 331audioadjusting start point 329anchor. See anchorauditioning 300beat mapping 686clone 294c

Index 1049 rewinding 107ReWire 260accessing audio streams 261accessing instruments 260choosing ReWire mode 261settingsLive mode 261Playback mode

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 105The playhead will move to match the display position. Adjusting the first number in the Bar display will move

1050 Index customizing 810Diatonic Insert setting 730displaying folders 810displaying one/all MIDI regions 705full score display 705global tracks

Index 1051 audio cables and connectors 92audio interface 85configuring 99components 83computer 84CPU 84hard drive 85connecting devices 90audio

1052 Index staccato, forcing in region 365staff style 791adding staffs 781adding voices 781assigning to MIDI region 775automatic assignment 253,

Index 1053 tapping in 679tempo curve 670scaling 678stretching 678thinning out 678Tempo Alternative menu 672tempo change. See tempo eventtempo ev

1054 Index hiding 212iconassigning 204creating 204displaying 204muting 205multiple 206Track Mute/Solo setting 205naming 199in Mixer 601No Out

Index 1055 tuningalternate 967Hermode 970tuplet (notation) 731UUndo function 184number of undo steps 184undoing multiple steps 185Undo History

106 Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project2 Click the General tab, and turn on the Wide Playhead checkbox. Using the Transport ButtonsYou can use the tr

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 107 Play from Right Locator: Moves the playhead to the right locator position, and begins playback. Play from

108 Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project Shuttle Rewind and Shuttle Forward: Repeated key presses will increase the winding speed. Repeated hits of

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 109To switch Cycle mode on and off, do one of the following:m Click the Cycle button in the Transport bar (or use

Contents 11738 Editing Slurs and Crescendi740 Editing Repeat Signs and Bar Lines742 Working With Text742 Inserting Text744 Editing Text745 Using Music

110 Chapter 5 Navigating Your ProjectTo resize the cycle:m Grab the handles (triangles) at either end of the cycle to move the start or end points

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 111Using the Transport Bar Mode Buttons to Define LocatorsYou can use the following commands, available as Transp

112 Chapter 5 Navigating Your ProjectDefining a Cycle With MarkersDragging a marker into the top part of the Bar ruler creates a cycle with the mar

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 113Skip CycleYou can skip a passage in play mode, which is useful for trying out the musical effect of various tr

114 Chapter 5 Navigating Your ProjectUsing the Chase Events FunctionIf you start playback in the middle of a project, some events might not be hear

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 115 System Exclusive: The most recent SysEx message before the playback start point is transmitted. Text Meta

116 Chapter 5 Navigating Your ProjectCustomizing the Transport BarThe Transport bar offers a default set of buttons, displays, and sliders. These a

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 117To customize the Transport bar:1 Control-click (or right-click) the Transport bar, and choose Customize Transp

118 Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project Sample Rate or Punch Locators: Shows the current project sample rate, or punch recording in/out locators (w

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 119Â Move Locators Forward by Cycle and Move Locators Backwards by Cycle Length: Move the cycled passage by its

12 Contents824 Clefs & Signatures826 Layout828 MIDI Meaning830 Colors832 Score PreferencesChapter 34 835 Working With Video836 Using the Movie Win

120 Chapter 5 Navigating Your ProjectUsing a Giant SMPTE or Bar DisplayYou can configure the Transport bar to display a giant SMPTE or Bar display

Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project 121Customizing the Bar, SMPTE, and Tempo DisplayYou can customize the Bar, SMPTE, and Tempo display in the Displa

122 Chapter 5 Navigating Your Project4 Turn on the Zeros as spaces checkbox if you want zero values to appear as blank spaces, rather than the numb

6 1236 Working With MarkersThe main purpose of markers is to tag different parts of a project, and to enable the quick selection of these parts f

124 Chapter 6 Working With Markers Marker track: Displays markers as (optionally) colored sections. If the Marker track is hidden, you can see ma

Chapter 6 Working With Markers 125The Marker Text window is also available at the bottom of the Marker List window. It is known as the Marker Text

126 Chapter 6 Working With Markers Click the Create button in the Marker List.m In any window: Choose Options > Marker > Create from the ma

Chapter 6 Working With Markers 127Markers created in these ways are automatically assigned the names, bar position, length and color of the regions

128 Chapter 6 Working With MarkersSelecting MarkersYou can use the usual selection techniques to select markers. For more information, see “Selecti

Chapter 6 Working With Markers 129Naming MarkersNewly created markers are automatically named “Marker ##” (unless derived from regions, as describe

Contents 13901 Multi Instruments907 Mapped Instruments911 GM Mixer914 MMC Record Buttons914 Keyboard915 Monitor Object915 Channel Splitter Object916 A

130 Chapter 6 Working With MarkersTo edit a marker name in the Marker List:1 Click the desired marker in the Marker Name column.2 Click and/or drag

Chapter 6 Working With Markers 131Changing the Appearance of Marker TextYou can change the appearance of marker text in the Marker Text window and

132 Chapter 6 Working With MarkersEditing MarkersMarkers can be edited in various ways. Common tasks include changing marker positions, coloring ma

Chapter 6 Working With Markers 133To change the length of a marker:m In the Marker track: Place the Pointer over the desired marker border. When t

134 Chapter 6 Working With MarkersNavigating With MarkersYou can navigate through your project with markers. This is useful when you want to quickl

Chapter 6 Working With Markers 135Customizing the Marker Display in the Marker ListThere are two display options for marker position and length in

7 1377 Working With ProjectsLogic Express projects provide flexible options for storing and retrieving your music productions.This chapter will p

138 Chapter 7 Working With ProjectsLogic Express creates a project folder that contains the project file, along with separate folders for files use

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 139Creating Projects You start working in Logic Express by creating a new project. To create a project:1 Choose Fil

14 Contents994 Sharing PreferencesAppendix 995 Learning More, Service, and Support996 AppleCare Service and Support InformationGlossary 997Index 1029

140 Chapter 7 Working With Projects3 Browse to the location where you want to store the project, then type a name for the project in the name field

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 141Â Also by default, the audio recording path is automatically routed to the new Project/Audio Files sub-folder.If

142 Chapter 7 Working With Projects OMF Interchange Files: Open Media Framework files used by other DAW applications such as Pro Tools OpenTL Fi

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 143Switching Between Multiple ProjectsYou can open several projects simultaneously, allowing you to copy or move da

144 Chapter 7 Working With ProjectsImporting Settings From Other ProjectsYou can import the following settings from other projects: Screensets Tr

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 145Checking and Repairing ProjectsOn occasion, you may need to know how many regions are in a project, how much mem

146 Chapter 7 Working With ProjectsSetting Project PropertiesFollowing the creation of a project, a number of project properties should be checked,

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 147To match a file’s sample rate with the project sample rate, you can:m Use the Audio Bin’s Copy/Convert File comm

148 Chapter 7 Working With Projectsm Open the Tempo track, and drag the tempo line up or down with the Pointer tool.For more information about adva

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 149You can set the time signature of the project in the Transport, the Signature List, or the Signature track. The

15PrefaceLogic Express 8: Documentation and ResourcesLogic Express 8 offers an extensive documentation collection that will help you to learn a

150 Chapter 7 Working With ProjectsSetting the Start and End Points of a ProjectA project normally starts at position 1 1 1 1. You can move the pro

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 151Setting the Basic Project Playback LevelYou can set the basic project playback level by dragging the Master Leve

152 Chapter 7 Working With ProjectsAdjusting Project SettingsThe project settings encompass a number of options that can have a dramatic impact on

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 153Managing ProjectsThis section outlines some housekeeping that may be required to keep your projects in great sha

154 Chapter 7 Working With ProjectsConsolidating Project SettingsIf your project contains files that are not in the correct sub-folders within the

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 155Saving ProjectsWhen you choose File > Save (or use the corresponding key command, default: Command-S), the c

156 Chapter 7 Working With ProjectsSaving a Project as a TemplateYou can save a project as template, creating starting points for new projects. Not

Chapter 7 Working With Projects 157Closing and QuittingFollowing the creation or playback of a project, you’ll want to close it and Logic Express.

8 1598 Basic OperationsThe following chapter will introduce you to the basic operating, selection, and editing techniques available in Logic Expr

16 Preface Logic Express 8: Documentation and ResourcesLogic Express 8 Documentation ConventionsThe following section introduces you to convention

160 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsModifier-Clicking or DraggingMany commands, functions, additional tools, or finer adjustments are accessed by holding

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 161Here are some of the possible methods. You can type in:Â Decimals: 1, 01, 2, 3, 4, 127, …Â Hexadecimals: $1, $01, $

162 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsWorking With Key CommandsYou can execute nearly every Logic Express function with a key command or MIDI message. When

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 163Whenever you install Logic Express updates, your personal key commands will remain unaltered.Note: Almost all key co

164 Chapter 8 Basic Operations∏ Tip: Pressing Control—and choosing a command in a menu—opens the Key Commands window, with the respective command

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 165Important: There is a hierarchy of key command classes, which are not merely separated into global and local key com

166 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsFinding Key CommandsYou can use the Key Command window’s Find field to find key commands by name or partial name:Â Th

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 167In practice, this means that you can, for example, assign different commands to the number keys on the numeric keypad

168 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsTo delete key assignments:1 Select the function with a key assignment that you’d like to delete.2 Activate the Learn

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 169Note: The Learn New Assignment button is automatically turned off when the entire message has been received. This av

Preface Logic Express 8: Documentation and Resources 17Logic Express Onscreen HelpThe Logic Express Help incorporates the Logic Express 8 user doc

170 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsPrinting a Key Command ListYou can use the Options > Copy Key Commands to Clipboard function to copy your key comm

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 171Tools are accessed in the Tool menus, found at the upper-right corner of all windows that allow direct region, event,

172 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsAssigning the Right Mouse ButtonIf you have a suitable mouse, you can also assign the right mouse button to any of th

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 173Â Opens Tool Menu: Right-clicking in the working area of the active window opens the Tool menu at the mouse cursor p

174 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsLearning About Common ToolsThe following section describes the most common tools available in Logic Express. Tools th

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 175Glue ToolThe Glue tool performs the reverse operation of the Scissors tool. All selected regions or events are merged

176 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsWorking With Help TagsA help tag appears just below the mouse cursor position—for as long as the mouse button is held

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 177Using the Shortcut MenuControl-clicking anywhere in the Arrange, Piano Roll Editor, and all List Editors, launches a

178 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsChanging the window with key focus doesn’t affect the selection (as long as you don’t click on the window background,

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 179Making Horizontal SelectionsHorizontal selections can be made in a number of editing windows, allowing you to quickly

18 Preface Logic Express 8: Documentation and ResourcesApple Service and Support WebsiteThis is the place to go for software updates and answers t

180 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsMaking Rubber-Band SelectionsTo select consecutive regions or events (or other elements, such as Mixer channel strips

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 181Selecting Specific Regions and EventsYou can use the following commands to select regions or events that match a spec

182 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsSelecting Events With the Same MIDI ChannelFollowing selection of an event, you may select all other events that shar

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 183Working With the ClipboardThe Clipboard is an invisible area of memory, into which you can cut or copy selected infor

184 Chapter 8 Basic OperationsUndoing and Redoing Editing OperationsA simple change of mind or editing mistake is an inevitable part of music produ

Chapter 8 Basic Operations 185To undo or redo multiple steps:m Click on any entry to undo or redo all steps between the clicked and highlighted ent

9 1879 Working With TracksTracks contain the audio regions and MIDI regions of a project.Tracks are listed from top to bottom in the Arrange trac

188 Chapter 9 Working With TracksOnce assigned to a particular type of mixer channel, the functionality of the track is limited as follows:As you c

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 189Configuring the Track HeaderThe track header of each track (shown in the Arrange area’s track list) can display a

1 191 An Introduction to Logic ExpressLogic Express is a sophisticated, fully-featured audio and MIDI application that provides all the tools you

190 Chapter 9 Working With Tracks Track Numbers/Level Meters: Turn on this checkbox to display a track’s number. During playback, a small level m

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 191Creating Tracks and ChannelsIf you want to record or play back MIDI, software instrument, or audio data in Logic E

192 Chapter 9 Working With TracksTrack and Channel Creation CommandsThe commands and methods discussed in this section will create both tracks and

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 193External MIDI Track Creation in the New Tracks DialogExternal MIDI tracks offer no additional options, but if Exte

194 Chapter 9 Working With Tracks Ascending checkbox: Enable to assign these inputs—in order, from lowest to highest—to each track, when multiple

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 195Transferring a Channel Strip Setting to a New TrackYou can create a new track that uses the same channel strip ass

196 Chapter 9 Working With TracksTrack Creation CommandsThe commands and methods discussed in this section only create new tracks. The current (sel

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 197Copying Tracks and Moving RegionsHold down Option when moving a track vertically (click-drag the track number) to

198 Chapter 9 Working With TracksDeleting TracksIf you delete a track, the channel strip assigned to the track is also deleted, and removed from th

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 199Rearranging TracksYou may want to shuffle the position of tracks in the track list on occasion, to visually group

 Apple Inc.© 2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written c

20 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Logic Express Work in real time: You can work on Logic Express projects in real time; adding to, and editing audi

200 Chapter 9 Working With TracksTo determine the track names you want to view:1 Open the Track Configuration dialog by doing one of the following:

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 201To delete a track name, do one of the following:m Choose Track > Delete Track Name.m Double-click on the track

202 Chapter 9 Working With Tracks If you want to use a track for MIDI region recording or playback (via a MIDI sound generator), choose a MIDI Ins

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 203Special DestinationsIn addition to the normal channel strips, there are two other possible track output destinatio

204 Chapter 9 Working With TracksZooming Tracks With Key Commands You can assign, and use, the following key commands to zoom tracks:Â Individual T

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 205Note: If this number is identical to the number of one of the built-in Logic Express icons, the icon found in the

206 Chapter 9 Working With TracksMuting When the Mute Buttons Are HiddenIf the Mute buttons are hidden—to save space—you can still mute a track to

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 207Soloing TracksBoth MIDI and audio tracks (and folders) offer Track Solo buttons. Soloing a track isolates it while

208 Chapter 9 Working With TracksSoloing Multiple TracksIf you hold down Shift while the Transport Solo button is active, and click on the desired

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 209When to Freeze a TrackIn real-world situations, Freeze allows you to:Â Use additional effect plug-ins or software

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Logic Express 21MIDI recordings are used to trigger (play back through) either external MIDI devices, such as synthesi

210 Chapter 9 Working With TracksHow to Freeze a TrackIt’s extremely easy to freeze a track: simply activate the Freeze button—the button that fea

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 211Working With Frozen TracksOnce a track is frozen:Â It is not possible to cut and rearrange freeze files in any way

212 Chapter 9 Working With TracksRefresh Freeze FilesThe Options > Audio > Refresh All Freeze Files command refreshes the current freeze file

Chapter 9 Working With Tracks 213Hide Menu and Key CommandsThere are a a couple of menu functions and key commands that relate to the Hide Tracks f

214 Chapter 9 Working With TracksUsing Track Button Slide ActivationTrack buttons on arrange tracks (Solo, Mute, Hide, Track Protect, Freeze) suppo

10 21510 Working With Instruments and EffectsLogic Express offers an extensive range of software instruments and effect processing plug-ins that

216 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsA Quick Mixer and Channel Strip PrimerBefore discussing the use of plug-ins, a basic understandi

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 217The destination will be either:Â An output channel strip, which represents a physical audio outp

218 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsBefore continuing, there are three main things you need to know about audio or instrument channe

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 219To set the channel strip input format for the selected audio track:m Click-hold the button direc

22 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Logic ExpressMixing also entails the use of audio effects, which change, enhance, or suppress particular song compo

220 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsSetting the Channel Pan or Balance and Playback LevelYou use the Pan control and Level fader to

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 221Where Different Plug-in Types Can Be Used Effect plug-ins can be placed in the Insert slots of

222 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsTo insert a software instrument, Audio Unit Generator, or MIDI controlled effect:m Click the Ins

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 223Accessing Multiple Instrument OutputsLogic Express supports the multiple outputs of the EXS24 mk

224 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects2 Within the instrument interface, you will need to set up the output routing for individual sou

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 225An aux channel strip appears to the right of the instrument channel, already assigned to the ins

226 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsUsing the Channel EQThe Channel EQ is an insert effect, like any other. In most mixing situation

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 227Moving Effects and InstrumentsYou can use the Hand tool to move effects and instruments between

228 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsNote: If all 15 Insert slots are used, you can not insert any further plug-ins into the channel

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 229To load a channel strip setting with the Library tab:1 First, select the channel strip that you

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Logic Express 23The Basics: Projects and RegionsThis section will provide you with an introduction to the basic eleme

230 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsTo select the next or previous channel strip setting, do one of the following:m Click the Settin

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 231Important: Only program change messages sent on MIDI channel 1 will switch between Channel Stri

232 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsAll saved performance settings appear in the Performances folder of the Channel Strip Settings m

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 233To hide or show all open plug-in windows:m Use the Hide/Show All Plug-in Windows key command (de

234 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsTo adjust numerical fields, do one of the following:m Click-hold on the numerical value and drag

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 235Common Plug-in Window FunctionsThe header area at the top of the plug-in window is common to all

236 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsBypassing Plug-insIf you want to deactivate a plug-in, but don’t want to delete it or remove it

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 237To load a setting:1 Open the Settings menu (of the plug-in window, not the Channel Strip Setting

238 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsReplacing Setting-Compatible Plug-insWhen you replace a plug-in with another plug-in that is set

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 239To save a setting, do one of the following in the Settings menu:m Choose Save Setting: Saves th

24 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Logic ExpressThe sub-folder structure of all projects is identical, making it easy and consistent to navigate both

240 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsSwitching the Plug-in Window View ModePlug-in parameters can be viewed in two forms: Controls v

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 241The signal peaks of the side chain input (the sent instrument signal), combined with the Thresho

242 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsUsing the Library to Choose Plug-in SettingsAn alternative to using the Settings menu found in t

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 243Learning About Effect RoutingsThere are two ways of sending audio to effects: via an insert, or

244 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsFor computationally-intensive effects such as reverb, it’s always advisable to insert them into

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 245∏ Tip: This is easiest to accomplish with the Arrange channel strips in the Inspector: The lef

246 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsIf you choose Post Pan, the signal is not only post fader, but also post pan. This means that th

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 247Working With InstrumentsThis section deals with the use of software instruments and external MID

248 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsWhen you create a new External MIDI track in a project, Logic Express will automatically generat

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 2493 Click GM Device in the left column of the Library tab, and you’ll see 16 entries in the right

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Logic Express 25Any audio file used in Logic Express is automatically linked to at least one audio region that is, by

250 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects6 You’ll note that the Channel parameter is set to 1. Create a few new External MIDI tracks by f

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 2514 The newly created multi instrument object is called (Multi Instr.). You can rename it later (u

252 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsSetting Channel Parameters for InstrumentsWhen you choose a track that is assigned to either a M

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 253VelocityThe Velocity parameter allows you to increase or decrease the note on velocities of all

254 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsSetting Software Instrument Channel ParametersThe following parameters are specific to instrumen

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 255You can’t actually change the receive channel of a sub-channel in the multitimbral synthesizer.

256 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsAdding Program Change, Volume, and Pan Settings to a MIDI RegionThe MIDI > Insert Instrument

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 257As the track is routed to an instrument channel (which is being used for an external MIDI sound

258 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsSwitching Instruments to Software Instrument Live ModeWhen you select a (software) instrument tr

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 259Tuning Software InstrumentsThe File > Project Settings > Tuning > Software Instrument P

26 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Logic ExpressYou can also edit individual events within a MIDI region. This is achieved by opening the region in on

260 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsWorking With ReWire ApplicationsLogic Express acts as a host for ReWired applications such as Ab

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 261To manually set up an aux channel for ReWire use:1 Click the Mixer button at the bottom of the A

262 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects3 Click an Insert slot of the channel you want to process with the external effects unit, and ch

Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and Effects 263Loading PresetsMany plug-ins from other manufacturers use a proprietary storage format for their

264 Chapter 10 Working With Instruments and EffectsImportant: The first thing you should do is check the manufacturer’s website for updated versio

11 26511 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaPre-recorded media plays an important role in modern audio production. Combining existing audio loops and other

266 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaLogic Express can also import Standard MIDI files (type 0 and 1), GarageBand, OMF Interchange, AAF, OpenTL,

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 267Apple LoopsApple Loops are audio files that contain additional identification information; time and date, c

268 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaNavigating in the BrowserYou can switch the Browser between two views: List and Browser view. Â List view

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 269 Computer: Shows all volumes (hard disks, CDs, or DVDs) in, or attached to, the computer. Home: Shows a

2 272 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceThe Logic Express interface features several areas, each specialized for particular tasks. The main

270 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaAs an example, typing in 80s, with Macintosh HD chosen in the Path menu will result in a number of Apple Lo

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 271By default, the Match menu specifies that all of the advanced search conditions that you specify must be me

272 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaFurther Information on Conditional SearchesIt goes without saying that searching for a particular file in t

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 273Finding Apple Loops in the Loop BrowserThe Loop Browser only displays Apple Loop format files. You can sear

274 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaBoth contain audio data, and both can contain additional information for time stretching, transposition, in

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 275When you place Software Instrument Apple Loops on audio tracks, they are imported as audio regions (and beh

276 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaTo limit the Loop Browser display to a particular scale:m Click the Scale pop-up menu, and choose from: An

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 277The Music view displays a matrix of 54 buttons, each featuring a musically-related category. The Sound Effe

278 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaTo browse for Apple Loops in Column view:1 Click on any of the category folders shown in the left column of

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 279To clear all category selections:m Click the Reset button to clear all selected category buttons.You can re

28 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceA Tour of the Logic Express InterfaceThe following section will introduce you the various eleme

280 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaSorting Apple Loops in the Loop BrowserYou can sort the results of your search or browsing in the Loop Brow

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 281Searching for Apple LoopsThe Search field is used to find Apple Loops by name or partial name. It works in

282 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaAdding Audio Files to Your ArrangementYou can use any of the following methods to add audio files directly

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 283To add multiple audio files to your arrangement by dragging:1 Shift-click contiguous files, or Command-clic

284 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaAdding and Removing Project Audio FilesThe Audio Bin acts as a central repository for all audio files added

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 2854 Browse to, and select, another audio file, and click the Add button.5 Repeat the process until all desire

286 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaA Note on Importing Compressed Audio FilesLogic Express allows you to directly play back the following comp

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 287Overview CalculationWhen you add an audio file to your project, Logic Express will automatically create an

288 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaAdding ReCycle Files to Your ProjectReCycle is the name of a software application from manufacturer Propell

Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded Media 289If you do not import the ReCycle file as an Apple Loop or audio file, Logic Express will create a ReCycle f

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 29Â Media or Lists area: Use the various tabs to locate and preview audio files (Browser tab), s

290 Chapter 11 Adding Pre-Recorded MediaMoving Audio Between Logic Express and ReCycleYou can transfer data from Logic Express to ReCycle, and back

12 29112 Getting to Know RegionsWhen audio or MIDI files are added to, or recorded in, the Arrange area, they are displayed as regions.This chapt

292 Chapter 12 Getting to Know RegionsAudio Regions and Audio FilesAudio regions simply refer to (point to) an underlying audio file. Audio regions

Chapter 12 Getting to Know Regions 293MIDI Regions and EventsMIDI regions actually contain MIDI data events. They are not related to information st

294 Chapter 12 Getting to Know RegionsFolder RegionsA folder is a region that can contain other regions, much like a folder in the Finder can conta

Chapter 12 Getting to Know Regions 295MIDI and Audio Regions ComparedThe following overview sums up the main differences between audio and MIDI reg

296 Chapter 12 Getting to Know RegionsThe fundamental functions (such as a freely determinable position and length, the ability to create complex a

Chapter 12 Getting to Know Regions 297Which Audio Bin Should You Use?The Audio Bin tab is ideal for quickly adding files to the Arrange area, as it

298 Chapter 12 Getting to Know RegionsTo open the Audio Bin:m Choose Window > Audio Bin (or use the corresponding key command, default: Command

Chapter 12 Getting to Know Regions 299Creating and Removing RegionsWhen you add an audio file to your project, Logic Express automatically creates

3 1 Contents Preface 15 Logic Express 8: Documentation and Resources16 Logic Express 8 Documentation Conventions 17 Logic Express Onscreen He

30 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceThe Transport bar consists of three parts:Â Transport buttons: Used to navigate your project.Â

300 Chapter 12 Getting to Know RegionsAuditioning Regions in the Audio BinThe playback modes outlined below only apply to regions in the Audio Bin

Chapter 12 Getting to Know Regions 301Resizing a RegionYou can resize regions in the Audio Bin window, the Sample Editor, and the Arrange. This sec

302 Chapter 12 Getting to Know RegionsSnapping Edits to Zero CrossingsIf Edit > Search Zero Crossings is switched on, adjustments to the start o

Chapter 12 Getting to Know Regions 303Editing the Audio Region AnchorThe anchor is the temporal reference point of an audio region. When you move a

304 Chapter 12 Getting to Know RegionsProtecting the Anchor Point When Moving the End PositionIf you move the start or end points of a region past

Chapter 12 Getting to Know Regions 305Protecting RegionsYou can protect regions against accidental alterations to start and end points, or the anch

13 30713 Creating Your ArrangementOnce you have added your audio and MIDI regions to the Arrange area, you can edit and reorganize them to create

308 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo alter the Arrange area background color:1 Open the Display preferences by doing one of the following:Â C

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 309Making Region Edits Faster and EasierThis section provides information on several options that can accelera

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 31Media AreaThe Media area can be opened or closed by clicking on the Media button in the Toolbar

310 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementThe Snap functionality is relative, which means that the edit operation will be snapped to the nearest bar,

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 311In cases where the zoom level is extremely low (macroscopic), and a fine Snap value (such as Division or Fr

312 Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement No Overlap: Use in situations where you don’t want regions to overlap. In this mode, the first region (t

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 3133 Grab the playhead in the Arrange or Bar ruler, and move it back and forth through the parts of the projec

314 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementMuted regions are indicated by a dot that precedes the region name.Clicking muted regions with the Mute too

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 315When the Solo function is activated, the Bar ruler is shaded in yellow, making it easy to see that Solo mod

316 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementNaming a RegionIdentifying regions by name can make arranging much easier. This can be done on a per-region

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 317To assign the same name to multiple regions:1 Select a group of regions (rubber-band or Shift-click) with t

318 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementAssigning Colors to RegionsColor is useful for identifying sections of your arrangement, or particular trac

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 319Using the Shortcut MenuMany selection, editing, and other commands can be accessed by Control or right-clic

32 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface Name column: Displays all audio files in the current project by name. The disclosure triangl

320 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementSelecting Parts of a RegionYou can use the Marquee tool or marquee stripe to make selections inside, or acr

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 321Using the Marquee StripeThe marquee stripe is a thin yellow line that can be displayed at the top of the Ba

322 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo snap to the division value shown in the Transport:m Hold Control while making your marquee selection.As

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 3232 Do one of the following: Click one of the regions with the Eraser tool. Choose Edit > Delete (or pre

324 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementMoving RegionsYou can move regions horizontally on tracks, and vertically between tracks. You can also move

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 325Changing the Playback Position of Regions NumericallyYou can edit the playback position of a region (and it

326 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementMoving Regions to the Current Playhead PositionYou can use the Pickup Clock (Move Event to Playhead Positio

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 327 Nudge Region/Event Position Left by Division Nudge Region/Event Position Right by Beat Nudge Region/Eve

328 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementMoving Regions to a TrackThe Region > Move Selected Regions to Current Track command (also available as

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 329Note: You cannot make an audio region longer than the underlying audio file when using either of the resiz

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 33Getting to Know the Loop BrowserThe Loop Browser is designed to make finding Apple Loops intuit

330 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementAdjusting the Grid to Zero CrossingsIf Audio > Search Zero Crossings is turned on, any length adjustment

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 331Setting Region Start and End Points to the Playhead PositionYou can move the start or end point of a select

332 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo tie selected regions between locators:1 Set the left and right locator positions by doing one of the fol

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 333To time stretch or compress audio regions:m Option-drag the end of an audio region.This stretches or compre

334 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementCutting, Copying, and Pasting RegionsYou can select, remove, or replicate one or more regions from one part

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 335When you copy an audio region, a new region is automatically created in the Audio Bin. The new region will

336 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementUsing the Arrange Section Editing ButtonsThe Arrange Toolbar features a number of section editing buttons t

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 3372 Choose Region > Tie Regions by Position Change (or use the Tie Regions by Position Change key command)

338 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo use the example 16 bar region. It is cut into two regions: One spanning bars 1 to 4. The other is now

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 3393 Choose Region > Cut/Insert Time > Snip: Repeat Section Between Locators (or use the corresponding k

34 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceThe Sound Effects view offers effect-related category buttons such as Explosions, Foley, or Peo

340 Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement Aliases can be individually named. Alias region names are shown in italics. If you name an alias region,

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 341Searching for an Original or AliasIf you have forgotten where the original is for a certain alias, you can

342 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementConverting an Alias into a Real RegionYou can use MIDI > Alias > Convert to a Region Copy (or the Con

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 3432 In the dialog: Set the desired sample rate, bit depth, file format, stereo conversion, and dither type f

344 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementLooping RegionsThe Loop function enables you to repeat a region automatically, without needing to copy it.

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 345To loop a region with the mouse:1 Move the cursor to the end of the region that you want to loop. The curso

346 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo convert an existing loop into a real copy:1 Select the original region.2 Choose Region > Loops > C

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 3474 Release the mouse button.All selected regions are cut at the position shown in the help tag. When selecti

348 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo divide regions at the locator positions:1 Set the left and right locator positions as desired. 2 Select

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 349Handling Overlapping Notes in Divided MIDI RegionsIf any notes in a divided MIDI region overlap other notes

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 35Getting to Know the LibraryThe Library is a powerful tool that you can use to access the follow

350 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementMerging RegionsYou can merge two or more selected regions (of the same type—audio or MIDI) into a single re

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 3512 Choose Region > Merge > Regions per Tracks (or use the corresponding key command).The selected regi

352 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementNo Mixdown SituationIf there are several regions (mono or stereo) in a row on the same track, which have be

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 353Audio Crossfades in Digital MixdownThe Digital Mixdown supports crossfades between selected regions.The cro

354 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo split MIDI regions by note pitches:1 Select the desired MIDI regions.2 Choose Region > Split/Demix &g

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 355Note: If you drag a folder to a track that is set to an instrument channel strip, its entire contents (all

356 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo unpack a folder:1 Select the folder.2 Choose one of the following commands:Â Choose Region > Folder &

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 357Adding and Removing RegionsYou can easily add regions to, or remove regions from, an existing folder. This

358 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementCreating an Alias FolderYou can create a copy of a folder that contains aliases and clones of the regions i

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 359Creating Fades With the Fade ToolAs you’d perhaps expect, a fade in starts at the beginning, and a fade out

36 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceGetting to Know the BrowserThe Browser allows you to navigate to, or search for all file types

360 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTo adjust the fade curve shape:m Hold Control and Shift while using the Crossfade tool. In the example belo

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 361To adjust the fade curve shape:m Edit the Curve value in the Region Parameter box. The fade curve is instan

362 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementSetting Region ParametersThe parameters displayed in the Inspector’s Region Parameter box depend on the reg

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 363Editing Several Regions SimultaneouslyIf several regions are selected, the number of selected regions is di

364 Chapter 13 Creating Your ArrangementTranspositionAll note events contained in the MIDI region are transposed up or down by the selected amount

Chapter 13 Creating Your Arrangement 365Gate TimeThe term gate time stems from the technology used in analog synthesizers, and refers to the time b

14 36714 Recording in Logic ExpressThis chapter covers all aspects of audio and MIDI recording in Logic Express.You will learn how to set up Logi

368 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressNote: The Software Monitoring checkbox must be enabled in the Audio preferences to hear incoming audio th

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 369Setting the Sample RateYou should set the sample rate when you start a project, and should avoid making ch

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 37Â Computer button: Displays the contents of the local hard disk, optical drive, and other stor

370 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressWhen finished with your project, bounce it at the desired sample rate. As suggestions for different situat

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 371Setting Up the MetronomeIf you would like to hear the metronome (click) while recording, you can set this

372 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressKlopfGeist is a software instrument found in the Plug-in menu of Instrument slots. KlopfGeist is inserted

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 373Using Software MonitoringThe Software Monitoring function allows you to monitor incoming audio through any

374 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressUsing the Input Monitoring ButtonsYou can use the Input Monitoring buttons to monitor audio tracks that ar

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 375Setting the Monitoring LevelIf the Independent Monitoring Level (for Record Enabled Channel Strips) prefer

376 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressMaximum Recording SizeThe AIFF and SDII file formats can not handle audio file recordings larger than 2 GB

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 377Setting Up Track ChannelsIf you want to make adjustments to audio channel strips, you can do it directly i

378 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressEnabling One or More Tracks for RecordingAudio tracks must be manually record-enabled (armed) before recor

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 379Enabling Simultaneous MIDI and Audio Track RecordingThere may be occasions where you want to simultaneousl

38 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceGetting to Know the Event ListThe Event List presents a list of all events in your project, suc

380 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressStandard Recording With a Count-inYou can start recording at any point in a project by setting the playhea

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 381Advanced Recording CommandsSeveral advanced recording commands can make the recording process much faster.

382 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressRecording TakesLogic Express provides advanced take management facilities. A take is a part (a guitar solo

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 383How Take Folder Recording WorksThis section outlines how takes are handled in different recording circumst

384 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express If the dragged region is shorter than the take folder, a new comp will be created. The new comp consists

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 385To select different takes when viewing a closed take folder:m Choose the desired take from the Take menu,

386 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressNote: If you attempt to edit one of the (pre-group) edited tracks, Logic Express will offer to remove it

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 387To punch in to a recorded passage on the fly:1 Switch on the Punch on the Fly mode by doing one of the fol

388 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressIf both Cycle and Autopunch modes are active, you will see a pair of locators in the Autopunch area. Two s

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 389Combining Cycle and Autopunch RecordingIf you want to improve a difficult part of a certain passage, you c

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 39Â Event type buttons: Click to filter specific event types from the display, or add them (depe

390 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressHandling Audio RecordingsAfter creating one or more recordings, you may wish to delete one or more of them

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 391Deleting Audio RecordingsDeleting an audio region is handled a little differently for files that are recor

392 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressTo compile sections of different takes, do one of the following:m In an opened take folder, select the des

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 393Dragging the edge while holding Shift shortens the section without extending adjacent sections on differen

394 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressTo rename a comp or take:m Choose Rename Comp or Rename Take (dependent on whether a comp or take is selec

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 395Opening Take Folders in the Sample EditorIt is possible to open take regions in the Sample Editor, but the

396 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressRecording MIDIMIDI regions are used on (software) instrument and external MIDI tracks. MIDI regions are re

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 397A MIDI region is created on the selected track. The MIDI region begins at the start of the bar in which th

398 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressAfter reaching the right cycle boundary, the playhead will jump back to the left cycle boundary. Logic Exp

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 399Important: MIDI take folders do not have the comping functionality available to audio take folders. The M

4 Contents Chapter 4 83 Setting Up Your System83 Designing Your Music Production System 90 Connecting Your Audio and MIDI Devices 98 Using External M

40 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceGetting to Know the Tempo ListThe Tempo List displays all tempo changes in the project. You can

400 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressRecording on Multiple MIDI TracksYou may occasionally want to record multiple MIDI tracks at the same time

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 401Switching Instruments to Software Instrument Live ModeWhen you select a (software) instrument track, it do

402 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressSwitching MIDI Thru OffWhen an External MIDI instrument track is selected in the Arrange, its Record Enabl

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 403Activating MIDI Step Input ModeMIDI Step Input mode is available in the Event List, Piano Roll, and Score

404 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express Channel field: Determines the MIDI channel of an inserted note. The channel settings of individual note

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 405Rather than assigning key commands to all twelve pitches, you also have the option of defining key command

406 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressRests, Correction, Moving Forward and BackThe Rest key command moves the playhead forward (in accordance w

Chapter 14 Recording in Logic Express 407It is recommended that you keep the Step Input Keyboard window open when first using these functions, to m

408 Chapter 14 Recording in Logic ExpressThe lowest row of letter keys sets the velocity for MIDI notes. There are preset values—ranging from piani

15 40915 Introduction to MIDI EditingThis chapter provides an overview of where you can best edit different types of MIDI events in Logic Express

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 41Getting to Know the Signature ListThe Signature List shows all time and key signature events in

410 Chapter 15 Introduction to MIDI EditingOpening the EditorsAll editors can be opened from the Window menu. This launches the editor in a separat

Chapter 15 Introduction to MIDI Editing 411To access the Event List in the Arrange window, do one of the following:m Click the Lists button at the

412 Chapter 15 Introduction to MIDI EditingHearing MIDI Events When EditingIt goes without saying that MIDI editing is made much easier if you can

Chapter 15 Introduction to MIDI Editing 413Copying Events via the Clipboard in the Arrange AreaYou can use the Clipboard to add MIDI events directl

414 Chapter 15 Introduction to MIDI EditingTo stop hung notes:m Double-click on the MIDI Activity display in the Transport bar (or use the Send Dis

16 41516 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorThe Piano Roll Editor shows the note events of a MIDI region as horizontal rectangles. This

416 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor The vertical position of note events indicates their pitch, with those nearer the top

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 417Note: When View > Region Colors is activated, the notes will be displayed in the col

418 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorCreating and Editing Note EventsHandling note events in the Piano Roll Editor is very si

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 419To snap to an absolute, not relative, position:m Choose the Snap to Absolute Value setti

42 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceThe InspectorThe Inspector can be displayed or hidden by clicking on the Inspector button in th

420 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorUsing the Shortcut MenuMany selection, editing, and other commands can be accessed by ri

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 421To create a note event:1 Select the Pencil tool.2 Click at the desired position in the P

422 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorTo delete similar or equal events:1 Select one of the notes you want to delete.2 Choose

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 423To delete unselected events within the selection:m Choose Functions > Delete MIDI Eve

424 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorMoving NotesYou can move selected notes by grabbing them (near the middle) and dragging

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 425Moving Events via Key CommandsEditing can be greatly accelerated by assigning, and using

426 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorChanging the Length of NotesYou can use the Pointer, Finger, or Pencil tool to alter not

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 427Advanced Note Length FunctionsThe Functions > Note Events sub-menu in the Piano Roll

428 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorIf Logic Express finds a chord, the following dialog is shown:Â Click the Delete button

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 4293 Choose Functions > Copy MIDI Events. The Copy MIDI events dialog opens.4 Choose the

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 43Â Arrange channel strips: The left-hand channel strip controls the output of the selected arra

430 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorProtecting the Position of EventsThere are times where you will want to protect certain

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 431All selected notes can be altered simultaneously; the differences in their respective ve

432 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorSplitting ChordsThese functions divide chords horizontally (by pitch), making the Piano

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 433Using Hyper DrawYou can directly create and edit MIDI controller information in the Pian

434 Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll EditorTo resize the Hyper Draw area:m Grab, and vertically move the dividing line that separat

Chapter 16 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor 435Piano Roll Editor ShortcutsThe Piano Roll Editor also provides a way to “quick-launch” t

17 43717 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorYou can use the Hyper Editor to view and edit different MIDI event types, shown as vertical beams along

438 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorYou can save groups of event definitions (several lanes that you have defined) as hyper sets (see “W

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 439Each note event lane in the example is restricted to the display and control of a single note pitch.

44 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceThe Editing AreaYou can open the Mixer, Sample Editor, Piano Roll Editor, Score Editor, and Hyp

440 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor∏ Tip: When editing or constructing complex rhythm patterns, it can be useful to create several eve

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 441To change the style of beams displayed:m Choose the desired setting in the Style menu. Â No Frames:

442 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorTo create multiple events in a linear fashion:1 Select the Line tool.2 Click at the desired position

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 443To assign a fixed event value:1 Enable the Fix Value checkbox in the Inspector.2 Click any existing

444 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorDeleting EventsEvents can be deleted individually by clicking on them with the Eraser tool. The foll

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 445To undo or redo an isolated step:1 Command-click on the desired step. A warning dialog will open.2 C

446 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorMoving and Copying EventsEvents can be moved or copied to other positions in the same, or other, lan

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 447To copy selected events:m Hold Option, and drag to the desired position and lane. As you do so, a he

448 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorWorking With Event DefinitionsThe event definition determines the event type shown on each Hyper Edi

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 449To create an event definition for a specific event:1 Select the desired event type (controller #71 R

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 45Getting to Know the Sample EditorThe Sample Editor displays the contents of audio files as wave

450 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorTo create event definitions for all event types in a region:1 Select the region.2 Choose Hyper >

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 451Changing Event DefinitionsYou use the Event Definition Parameter box in the Inspector to alter the s

452 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorUsing the First Data Byte ParameterThe First Data Byte checkbox and menu is shown on the bottom row

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 453To name an event definition:m Click on the name to open a text entry field, type in the desired name

454 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorConverting Event DefinitionsYou can redefine an event definition (along with all events). The values

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 455Working With Hyper SetsYou can store a combination of simultaneously displayed event definitions as

456 Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper EditorTo create a hyper set for a GM drum kit:m Choose Hyper > Create GM Drum Set (or use the Hyper Set

Chapter 17 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor 457Naming a Hyper SetBy default, a new hyper set is named MIDI Controls or GM Drum Kit. To re-name a hy

18 45918 Editing MIDI Events in the Event ListThe Event List is the most powerful, flexible, and complete MIDI editor in Logic Express.All MIDI e

46 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceGetting to Know the Piano Roll EditorThe Piano Roll Editor displays MIDI notes as beams on a gr

460 Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event ListLearning and Using the Event List InterfaceAll functions and options are shown at the top of th

Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List 461Filtering Event TypesWhen viewing events in the selected MIDI region or regions, you can make u

462 Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event ListScore layout information is also included in the list when additional info is shown. You can ed

Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List 463Selecting and Creating EventsYou can use any of the standard selection techniques in the Event

464 Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List Select Equal Subpositions (default key command: Shift-P): Selects events that start at the

Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List 465To add one or more events from the Clipboard:1 Following a copy operation from another editor,

466 Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event ListEditing EventsThe list area features several columns: Position, Status, Ch(annel), Num(ber), V

Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List 467To move an event in time, either:m Double-click on the position indicator (in the Position colu

468 Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event ListParameter values can only be altered until the (same) parameter value of one of the selected ev

Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List 469Soloing and Renaming Regions or FoldersAlthough the Solo tool can be used to hear events in iso

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 47Details on Score Editor use can be found in Chapter 33, “Working With Notation,” on page 695.Ge

470 Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List Num(ber): MIDI note number (or pitch). The range is from C –2 (note #0) to G8 (note #127). M

Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List 471Viewing and Changing Note Release VelocityYou can edit the release velocity of a note event whe

472 Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event ListProgram Change EventsProgram change events transmitted to connected MIDI devices are used for p

Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List 473Aftertouch EventsAftertouch (or channel pressure) events are generated by a mechanical pressure

474 Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event ListSysEx Data in Hex FormatYou can choose whether SysEx data is displayed in hexadecimal or decima

Chapter 18 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List 475The Event Float WindowThe Event Float window provides information on the currently selected eve

19 47719 Quantizing MIDI EventsQuantization is the rhythmic correction of notes to a specific time grid. Any inaccurately played notes are moved

478 Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI EventsImportant: Event-based quantization destructively alters the position of all MIDI event types, except note ev

Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events 479Â Triplet Quantization: The 1/3, 1/6, 1/12, 1/24, 1/48, and 1/96 note settings quantize the MIDI region to tr

48 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceCommon Features of Logic Express WindowsAll Logic Express windows, including the Arrange area,

480 Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI EventsSome Points to Note When Using Region QuantizationThe quantization grid always begins at the start of a MIDI r

Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events 481The following quantization options appear below the standard set of region parameters. They can be applied to

482 Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events Q-Velocity: This parameter (expressed as a percentage) determines the amount that the velocity values of qu

Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events 483Event and Note QuantizationThe menu bar of the Piano Roll Editor and Event List offer a Quantization menu and

484 Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events Select the events that you want to quantize, then click the Quantize button (Piano Roll and Event List Edito

Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events 485Creating Groove TemplatesYou can create quantization grids based on the rhythms of other MIDI regions. These a

486 Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI EventsTo remove groove template entries from the Quantization menu:1 Select the source MIDI region in the Arrange ar

Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events 487Creating an Audio to MIDI Groove TemplateYou can create MIDI groove templates from digital audio material. Thi

488 Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events Attack Range (ms): This tells Logic Express how long the attack phases of the sounds in the audio material

Chapter 19 Quantizing MIDI Events 489At the bottom of the Sample Editor, you’ll see three fields labeled: Audio, Quantize, and Result. Audio: Di

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 49Catch, Link, and Hierarchy ButtonsMost windows contain Catch, Link, and Hierarchy buttons. Thes

20 49120 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowThe Transform window allows you to define a set of conditions and operations that are used to

492 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowTo open the Transform window, do one of the following:m Choose Window > Transform from

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 4933 In the Mode menu, choose how you want to transform the selected events within the regio

494 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window Set the desired velocity values in the Operations area, ranging from 1 to 127.  If you

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 495This preset is a great creative option for drum regions. The following example presumes t

496 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowHumanizeAdds a random value to the position, velocity, and length of selected note events

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 497Reverse PitchInverts the pitch of all note events.Change the Flip operation value to set

498 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowExponential VelocityAlters the scaling of the velocity curve. This preset is of particula

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 499Velocity LimiterLimits the velocity to a maximum value. This is perfect for transforming

Contents 5 176 Working With Help Tags 177 Using the Shortcut Menu 177 Selection Techniques 183 Working With the Clipboard 184 Undoing and Redoing Edi

50 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceGlobal TracksAll linear editing windows also feature global tracks, which are displayed just be

500 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowMaximum Note LengthSets the maximum length of all note events. Change the Length value fi

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 501Quantize Note LengthQuantizes the note length. This preset actually quantizes the note en

502 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowGlobal ParametersThese parameters globally affect the Transform window appearance and ope

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 503The condition is considered to be fulfilled when an event matches the defined effective r

504 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowDefining OperationsThe Operations area is used to define the changes you would like to ma

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 505Â Max: Parameter values that exceed the set value are replaced by it. Smaller event para

506 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window Rel.Cres: This only works if the Inside Position selection condition is selected. The

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 507Some Points to Note About the MapThe map is only visible when chosen in one of the Operat

508 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowCreating Your Own Transform SetsYou can store your own transform settings in a user trans

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 509Usage ExamplesThe following section provides several usage examples for the Transform win

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 51Interactions Between Arrange Window AreasThe Arrange window contains various sections that inte

510 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowTo create a transform set that fixes all note velocities to a defined amount:1 Select **C

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 511To randomly change the pitch of MIDI note events:1 Choose the following settings in the T

512 Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform WindowTo delete volume events (MIDI CC#7) from a MIDI region:1 Choose the following settings in

Chapter 20 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window 513To create an ascending pitch pattern from notes of one pitch:1 Choose the following setti

21 51521 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorYou can precisely select, refine, and process audio recordings in the Sample Editor.The Sample Editor

516 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorPlaying Audio FilesThere are various ways to play back the audio sections visible in the Sample Ed

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 517You can change the start and end points of the selected area while looped playback is happening. T

518 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorNavigating Audio FilesThe Sample Editor offers a number of navigation facilities that make it easy

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 519Changing the X and Y Axis ScalesThe Sample Editor’s vertical Y axis scale can show the waveform am

52 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfaceThe Sample Editor is shown, displaying the contents of the region you just created in the Arran

520 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorAbsolute and Relative TimeThe different axis scales in the Sample Editor can be displayed in two w

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 521To enter the absolute display mode, do one of the following:m Open the Sample Editor from the Arra

522 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorMaking SelectionsSample Editor commands only affect the currently selected area of the audio file.

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 523To change the start or end point of an existing selection area:m Shift-click on a selection area t

524 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorDeleteErases the selection, without placing it in the Clipboard. All data beyond the deleted passa

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 5254 Select the Pencil tool, and drag from left to right (including up or down movements) to draw in

526 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorImportant: You should never make a gain change that results in a value over 100%, as this will re

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 527∏ Tip: Common fades (such as a fade-out at the end of a track) can also be achieved with Mixer, a

528 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorNormalizing Audio FilesNormalization is a process that raises the maximum level of a digital signa

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 529Reversing the Phase of a Selection AreaYou will find the Invert command extremely useful for corre

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 537 Select a loop with a green icon and drag it to a software instrument track in the Arrange are

530 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorSample Loop FunctionsThe Edit > Sample Loop → Selection, Edit > Selection → Sample Loop, and

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 531Â Clear Undo History when quitting: Switch this on to automatically delete the Undo History for a

532 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorTo save a copy with a different name—to the location of your choice:1 Choose Audio File > Save

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 533Working With the Digital FactoryThe Sample Editor features a number of audio processing tools, col

534 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorUsing the Time and Pitch MachineYou can use the Time and Pitch Machine to radically alter the time

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 535To open the Time and Pitch Machine, do one of the following:m Choose Factory > Time and Pitch M

536 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorTime and Pitch Machine AlgorithmsThe Algorithm menu allows you to choose the algorithm that is bes

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 537Tempo ParametersThe Tempo section is divided into two columns. The left column (Original) displays

538 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorThis means that the original timbre (or the physical size of the resonance body) is maintained, re

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 539Using the Groove MachineYou can use the Groove Machine to alter the feel, swing, or groove of digi

54 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface11 Select the software instrument track, then click the Inspector button.The left channel strip

540 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorCorresponds with TempoIf you change this value, you will set the project tempo at the current play

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 541To open the Audio Energizer, do one of the following:m Choose Factory > Audio Energizer in the

542 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorUsing the SilencerThe Silencer consists of two component functions which can be used separately, o

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 543The “correct” value depends on the quality of the material, and your own personal taste. Good qual

544 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor∏ Tip: Don’t forget that pops and clicks can also be manually removed with the Pencil tool, if th

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 545Setting the Audio to Score ParametersThe following section outlines the parameters you can set in

546 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorMinimum QualityYou can choose between normal or high quality processing in this pop-up menu. Â The

Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor 547Using the Quantize EngineThis Digital Factory function allows you to use a MIDI region template (w

548 Chapter 21 Editing Audio in the Sample EditorMaximum RangeThis is where you set the maximum time (in milliseconds) that an audio peak can devia

22 54922 Removing Silent Passages From Audio RegionsYou can use the Strip Silence function to automatically remove silent passages from audio reg

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 55Using Logic Express Interface ElementsYou can access all of the buttons, switches, sliders, and

550 Chapter 22 Removing Silent Passages From Audio RegionsOptimizing Synchronization Over Long Time-SpansDifferent computers, different synchroniza

Chapter 22 Removing Silent Passages From Audio Regions 551Using Strip SilenceThis section outlines the steps, and parameters, involved in the Strip

552 Chapter 22 Removing Silent Passages From Audio Regions Post Release Time: Use this parameter to define an automatic release time for the end

23 55323 Adjusting the Tempo of Audio RegionsThe length of imported audio regions and the project tempo are directly linked. If you change the te

554 Chapter 23 Adjusting the Tempo of Audio RegionsTo convert a selected audio region into an Apple Loop, please use either of the following option

Chapter 23 Adjusting the Tempo of Audio Regions 5553 Choose Options > Tempo > Adjust Tempo using Region Length and Locators (or use the corre

556 Chapter 23 Adjusting the Tempo of Audio RegionsTo adjust the region length to match the locator positions:1 Set the left and right locator posi

Chapter 23 Adjusting the Tempo of Audio Regions 557To make recorded audio files follow the project tempo (and first key signature):m Select the aud

24 55924 Managing Audio FilesMost audio file management takes place in the Audio Bin. Several individual file management functions are found in t

56 Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express InterfacePull-Down and Pop-Up MenusPull-down menus open when you click on the desired menu item. Pop-up

560 Chapter 24 Managing Audio FilesSorting Audio FilesInformation on every currently loaded audio file is shown in the Info column of the Audio Bin

Chapter 24 Managing Audio Files 561Grouping Files in the Audio BinYou can group audio files together, making handling of large numbers of files eas

562 Chapter 24 Managing Audio FilesTo group audio files:1 Select the files you want to group in the Audio Bin. 2 Choose View > Create Group (or

Chapter 24 Managing Audio Files 563Note: If existing groups have been created, a dialog will ask if you want to add all files to one of these grou

564 Chapter 24 Managing Audio FilesMoving Audio FilesThe Audio Bin’s Audio File > Move File(s) command (default key command assignment: Control

Chapter 24 Managing Audio Files 565Copying or Converting Audio FilesYou can create copies of audio files in a different hard disk (or other storage

566 Chapter 24 Managing Audio FilesNote: If a file of the same name exists in the target location, Logic Express asks whether or not you want to r

Chapter 24 Managing Audio Files 567Optimizing Audio FilesBeyond deleting unused audio files, Logic Express also allows you to delete unused portion

568 Chapter 24 Managing Audio Files4 If you’re only saving one region, you can enter a name for the new audio file. The Hide Extension checkbox hid

Chapter 24 Managing Audio Files 569Dealing With SDII FilesLogic Express allows you to access the regions in SoundDesigner II files. (The SDII data

Chapter 2 Overview of the Logic Express Interface 57Using the Computer KeyboardYou can access most Logic Express functions with key commands. Whene

570 Chapter 24 Managing Audio Files Skip: Use this function if you know that this audio file no longer exists, or was renamed. This button change

25 57125 MixingOnce you’re happy with the project arrangement, the Mixer is used to refine the overall sound, levels, and spatial positioning of

572 Chapter 25 MixingTo open the Mixer as a separate window:m Choose Window > Mixer (or use the matching key command, default: Command-2). The

Chapter 25 Mixing 573Â The master channel strip is a global level control for all output channels. You can view it as the main volume control for L

574 Chapter 25 MixingYou will regularly find that the settings chosen for instruments and effects can be improved by changing a few parameters, to

Chapter 25 Mixing 575Channel Strip ElementsThe controls displayed on a channel strip vary with the channel strip type.The table below indicates the

576 Chapter 25 MixingTwo additional channel types not shown in the table—input and bus (see “Channel Strip Objects” on page 957)—are primarily reta

Chapter 25 Mixing 577Quickly Switching Between Two LevelsYou can use the following key commands to switch the level of all channel strips of a spec

578 Chapter 25 MixingThe level meters can be switched between a Sectional dB-linear scale, and an Exponential scale. Exponential provides higher di

Chapter 25 Mixing 579Clipping occurs when too much (too loud a) signal is fed through a channel strip, thereby exceeding the limit of what can be a

580 Chapter 25 MixingSoloing and Muting ChannelsSoloing or muting channels enables you to hear musical parts in isolation, or in conjunction with o

Chapter 25 Mixing 581To make a channel strip solo safe:m Control-click an inactive Solo button.The channel strip is not muted when you solo another

582 Chapter 25 MixingAdding Effects: Using InsertsInsert slots are shown, and used, in the same way on all channel strip types (except the master

Chapter 25 Mixing 583Monitoring With Effect Plug-insThe Software Monitoring function allows you to hear incoming audio through effects plug-ins ins

584 Chapter 25 MixingHandling Mixer Inputs and OutputsThe Input slot of audio channel strips allows you to choose the physical inputs of your audio

Chapter 25 Mixing 585To deselect multiple channels, do one of the following:m Click on any unselected channel or on the Mixer window background. m

586 Chapter 25 MixingTo adjust the send destination of all selected channels:m Click on any of the selected channel’s unused Send slots, and make y

Chapter 25 Mixing 587Working With GroupsThe Group slot allows you to assign a channel strip to a group.A group combines multiple channel strips, li

588 Chapter 25 MixingTo remove a channel from a group:1 Click the Group slot to open the Group menu.2 Choose No Group. To alter the settings of an

Chapter 25 Mixing 589Â Automation Mode checkbox: Changing the automation mode of an individual track in a group will change the automation mode fo

3 593 Customizing Your Window SetupLogic Express allows you to customize your window setup to fit both your working style and the task at hand. W

590 Chapter 25 MixingChannel Strip TypesChannel strips are the building blocks of the Mixer. In the following section, you will learn about the dif

Chapter 25 Mixing 591After inserting a software instrument plug-in, the instrument channel can be accessed, or driven, if you prefer, by MIDI regio

592 Chapter 25 Mixing The third way to create aux channels is by clicking on the plus button at the left-hand side of the Mixer window, or by choo

Chapter 25 Mixing 593Using Aux Channels for External Audio ProcessingYou can route audio signals to external devices via the individual outputs of

594 Chapter 25 MixingMaster ChannelThe master channel strip changes the gain of all output channels. It acts as a separate attenuator stage; the le

Chapter 25 Mixing 595Switch on all settings in the View > MIDI Track Components menu of the Mixer, so you can see all of the parameters describe

596 Chapter 25 MixingMuting a ChannelThe Mute button switches the volume of the channel between zero and the current Level fader position. In pract

Chapter 25 Mixing 597Â Chorus Depth (Controller Number 93): This knob controls the depth of the chorus effect. The further right you turn the knob

598 Chapter 25 MixingMoving to Particular Types of Channel StripsYou can choose one of the commands in the View > Scroll To menu to scroll the M

Chapter 25 Mixing 599Single ViewIn Single view, the Mixer display is limited to the selected arrange track, and its signal flow:Â If applicable: T

6 Contents 281 Adding and Removing Audio Files 290 Adding MIDI and Project Files Chapter 12 291 Getting to Know Regions291 What Are Regions? 295 MIDI

60 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupTo assign key focus to a window or area, do one of the following:m Click on the window title bar, or with

600 Chapter 25 MixingYou can use the following two settings in the View menu to further refine the Arrange view:Â Other Tracks: Enable to show (or

Chapter 25 Mixing 601Customizing the Display of Channel StripsYou can individually switch the display of the following audio channel strip componen

602 Chapter 25 MixingDisplaying Folder TracksThe Mixer can display the channel strips associated with the contents of folder tracks, or tracks on t

Chapter 25 Mixing 603Using the I/O Labels WindowYou can use the I/O Labels window to define names for all channel strip Input, Output, and Send men

604 Chapter 25 MixingTo revert to default channel I/O labels, do one of the following:m Click the corresponding button in the Channel column.m Choo

26 60526 Working With AutomationLogic Express features a sophisticated, yet simple to use, track-based automation system that allows you to creat

606 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationDisplaying Track AutomationTrack automation data is displayed on a transparent gray shaded area—an automation

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 607Automation can only be displayed when a track is of a sufficient height. Turning on track automation will aut

608 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationTo hide all automation parameters on all tracks, do one of the following:m Choose View > Track Automation

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 609To view all recorded automation data on sub-tracks:m Option-click the (closed) triangle to open up to 30 auto

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 61Floating WindowsFloating windows are so named because they always float in the foreground, even above the

610 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationTo set the same automation mode for selected channel strips:1 Choose the desired channel strips by Shift-clic

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 611TouchTouch mode plays back automation data in the same fashion as Read mode.Should a channel strip or an exte

612 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationYou’ll rarely need the Write mode when working with the track automation features of Logic Express. It’s main

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 613Editing Track Automation in the Arrange AreaYou can edit track automation data directly in the Arrange area.S

614 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationCreating Automation NodesClick on, or just outside, an automation line (not on a node) with the Pointer or Pe

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 615Â Delete Orphan Automation Data of Current Track: Removes all orphaned automation data from the selected tra

616 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationTo copy or convert the automation data of one parameter to another:1 Select the automation parameter that you

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 617Snapping Automation to Grid PositionsYou can snap both track-based and HyperDraw (region-based) automation to

618 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationEditing Track Automation Data in an Event ListLogic Express allows track automation data to be altered in a d

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 619Using Automation Quick AccessThe Automation Quick Access feature makes track automation extremely fast and si

62 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupDouble-clicking an Arrange audio region opens the Sample Editor at the bottom of the Arrange window. Doub

620 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationUsing Hyper DrawHyper Draw works much like track automation, with a couple of key differences:Â Hyper Draw da

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 621If activated in the Piano Roll or Score Editor, a gray Hyper Draw section is displayed below the editing area

622 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationUsing the Autodefine ModeThe Autodefine mode sets the Hyper Draw parameters automatically, making the first e

Chapter 26 Working With Automation 623Using the Note Velocity ModeHyper Draw also offers the Note Velocity mode, which is perfect for creating cres

624 Chapter 26 Working With AutomationUsing Hyper Draw Key CommandsThe following Arrange window key commands can speed up use of Hyper Draw:Â Hyper

27 62527 Bouncing Your ProjectYou can render all, or specific, channels to one or more audio files, and even burn directly to CD or DVD with the

626 Chapter 27 Bouncing Your ProjectCreating a BounceThis section outlines the basic steps required to create a bounced audio file. Detailed descri

Chapter 27 Bouncing Your Project 627Defining the Bounce RangeBefore bouncing, it is best to define a range of your project that you would like to b

628 Chapter 27 Bouncing Your ProjectDestinationYou can choose from several destination file formats for your audio bounce:Â PCM file: SDII, AIFF,

Chapter 27 Bouncing Your Project 629As you adjust the Start and End position parameters, you are shown the hard disk space requirements for the bou

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 63Moving and Resizing WindowsYou can move and resize all open windows individually, even across multiple mo

630 Chapter 27 Bouncing Your ProjectPCM Options in the Bounce WindowChoose the PCM name (and activate the checkbox) in the Destination pane to acce

Chapter 27 Bouncing Your Project 631MP3 Options in the Bounce WindowLogic Express allows the bouncing of MP3 (MPEG-2, Layer-3) format files. This w

632 Chapter 27 Bouncing Your ProjectBit Rate (Mono/Stereo)MP3 bit rates are selectable between 32 kbps and 320 kbps, but default to 80 kbps mono, a

Chapter 27 Bouncing Your Project 633Write ID 3 Tags/ID3 SettingsWhen the Write ID3 Tags option is enabled, ID3 tags are written to the file. These

634 Chapter 27 Bouncing Your ProjectM4A: AAC Format OptionsChoose the M4A: AAC name (and activate the checkbox) in the Destination field to access

Chapter 27 Bouncing Your Project 635Burn OptionsChoose the Burn: (CDDA or DVD-A) name (and activate the checkbox) in the Destination pane to access

636 Chapter 27 Bouncing Your ProjectDithering (Only Available When CDDA is Chosen in the Mode Menu)Use of the Dithering parameter is recommended wh

Chapter 27 Bouncing Your Project 637Bouncing and POW-r DitheringLogic Express provides you with the professional POW-r dither algorithm, designed t

28 63928 Creating Apple LoopsYou can save both audio and software instrument regions as Apple Loops in Logic Express. For audio regions, a defaul

64 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupTo adjust the size of a window, do one of the following:m Drag the lower right-hand corner of the window,

640 Chapter 28 Creating Apple LoopsRead the following section if you want to create Apple Loops in Logic Express. Information on “Creating Apple Lo

Chapter 28 Creating Apple Loops 641Note: One-shots do not follow the project tempo and key. This is useful if you want to add discrete, non-musica

642 Chapter 28 Creating Apple LoopsSend Effects in Software Instrument Apple LoopsIf you create a SIAL from a region on a software instrument track

Chapter 28 Creating Apple Loops 643Â The audio recording was recorded at the project tempo, but not cut correctly. In this situation, you can reduc

644 Chapter 28 Creating Apple LoopsTo convert multiple ReCycle files into Apple Loops:1 Select the desired ReCycle files in the Browser.2 Open the

Chapter 28 Creating Apple Loops 645Global Tracks and Apple LoopsYou can use the global tracks to change global events such as tempo, time signature

646 Chapter 28 Creating Apple LoopsThere is, however, a solution:1 Cut the (audio) Apple Loop at the precise positions of any chord changes.2 Match

Chapter 28 Creating Apple Loops 647Apple Loops Transpose to the Wrong OctaveTransposing an Apple Loop to a higher pitch may result in the loop bein

648 Chapter 28 Creating Apple LoopsThis will export the Apple Loop as a new audio file with all plug-in effect processing of the track/channel on w

29 64929 Project and File InterchangeMoving project data between programs and devices in your own, or external, studios is commonplace these days

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 65Working at Different Hierarchy LevelsLogic Express allows you to view projects at an overview level (Arra

650 Chapter 29 Project and File InterchangeSharing Logic Express Data Over a NetworkLogic Express allows you to share or back up your data over a n

Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange 651To share your data:m Turn on the appropriate checkboxes in the Bonjour or .Mac columns. .Mac column: A

652 Chapter 29 Project and File InterchangeTo restore a backup of your personal data:1 Click the Restore Backup button. A confirmation dialog will

Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange 653To disable or enable sharing on a per setting or folder basis:m Control-click on individual settings or

654 Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange∏ Tip: You can access your own public .Mac folder by choosing another account, and typing in your own u

Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange 655To restore the backed up file in the Sample Editor:m Choose the Audio File > Revert to Backup command

656 Chapter 29 Project and File Interchangem Turn on the “Copy movie files to project folder” checkbox if you want to copy the QuickTime movie used

Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange 657To import a MIDI file at the playhead position, do one of the following:m Choose File > Import from t

658 Chapter 29 Project and File InterchangeSaving Standard MIDI FilesIf you want to play a Logic MIDI project on another sequencer, you can do so b

Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange 659To save a MIDI region in file format 0:m Enable the “‘Export MIDI File…’ saves single MIDI Regions as Fo

66 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupSelecting the Working AreaThe scroll bars at the right and bottom edges of a window enable you to move th

660 Chapter 29 Project and File InterchangeWorking With OMF FilesThe OMF file format is typically used to exchange data with Digidesign Pro Tools s

Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange 661Importing and Opening OMF FilesThe following procedure is identical for both importing and opening OMF f

662 Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange4 Next, Logic Express will ask if the project’s SMPTE start time should be added to event start position

Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange 663This solves the problem of the project on the Tascam machine starting at a large time value, but less th

664 Chapter 29 Project and File InterchangeImporting and Exporting Final Cut Pro XML FilesThe Final Cut Pro XML format is used to import and export

Chapter 29 Project and File Interchange 665Exporting RegionsThe File > Export menu also features several Export functions for regions and tracks

30 66730 Advanced Tempo OperationsLogic Express provides several different tools and methods for the creation and editing of tempo events.This ch

668 Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo OperationsUsing the Tempo TrackTempo changes are controlled by tempo events, which are stored in a special Tempo trac

Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo Operations 669Creating and Deleting Tempo Change EventsYou can create tempo change events by inserting them into the Temp

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 67Use the Page Up, Page Down, Page Left, and Page Right key commands to scroll one page up, down, left, or

670 Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo OperationsCreating Tempo CurvesTo create a continuous transition between two tempi, click-hold and drag the tip of th

Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo Operations 671To copy a tempo change event, do one of the following:m Hold Option, while dragging a node. m Use the stand

672 Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo OperationsSwitching Between Tempo AlternativesThe Alternative pop-up menu in the Tempo track allows you to switch bet

Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo Operations 673Adjusting the Tempo to Fit Audio RegionsThe Options > Tempo > Adjust Tempo using Region Length and Lo

674 Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo OperationsCreating and Editing Events in the Tempo ListThe layout, and way you use the Tempo List, are very similar t

Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo Operations 675Using the Shortcut MenuMany selection, editing, and other commands can be accessed by Control-clicking or r

676 Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo OperationsUsing the Tempo Operations WindowThe Tempo Operations window is used to edit existing tempo changes, and to

Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo Operations 677Choosing a Tempo OperationThe Operation menu provides several interesting tempo change editing functions, w

678 Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo OperationsCreate Constant TempoThe Create Constant Tempo operation creates a constant tempo in any selected area. The

Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo Operations 679Using the Tempo InterpreterYou can use the computer keyboard or incoming MIDI events to set the project tem

68 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupZoomingThe zoom controls are used to zoom in and out on the working display area. Selection of different

680 Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo OperationsWindow This parameter determines the time span (or window) that tap notes can be entered (set in ticks, or

Chapter 30 Advanced Tempo Operations 681Using the Tempo FaderYou can create a real time tempo fader in the Environment window by choosing New >

31 68331 Beat Mapping RegionsYou will generally play to a metronome click when recording in Logic Express. There are, however, instances where yo

684 Chapter 31 Beat Mapping Regions MIDI regions recorded without a click will be displayed in a musically meaningful way in the Score Editor. Ad

Chapter 31 Beat Mapping Regions 6853 With the mouse button still held, drag the cursor down towards the line that represents the chosen note. A sec

686 Chapter 31 Beat Mapping RegionsBeat Mapping With Audio RegionsThis works in a similar fashion to that described above for MIDI regions. The mai

Chapter 31 Beat Mapping Regions 687On occasion, your recordings may contain (MIDI note) events that fall onto musically useful positions, and shoul

688 Chapter 31 Beat Mapping RegionsBeat Mapping to Scene MarkersIf the global Video track is visible, a QuickTime movie is loaded, and the Detect C

32 68932 Transposition With the Chord and Transposition TracksYou can use the Transposition and Chord tracks to alter the playback transposition

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 69Zooming With the Scroll BarsThe scroll bars not only allow you to move through your arrangement and editi

690 Chapter 32 Transposition With the Chord and Transposition TracksHow MIDI Events and Apple Loops Are TransposedTransposition events (and their c

Chapter 32 Transposition With the Chord and Transposition Tracks 691MIDI events will only be transposed if the No Transpose checkbox is turned off

692 Chapter 32 Transposition With the Chord and Transposition TracksTo create a chord event in the Chord track:m Click with the Pencil tool at the

Chapter 32 Transposition With the Chord and Transposition Tracks 693Analyzing MIDI RegionsYou can use the Analyze button in the Chord track to anal

694 Chapter 32 Transposition With the Chord and Transposition TracksInserting Chord Symbols in the ScoreThe chord symbols displayed in the Chord tr

33 69533 Working With NotationThe Score Editor allows you to view and edit MIDI regions as traditional music notation.This chapter covers the too

696 Chapter 33 Working With NotationLearning About the Score EditorThe Score Editor displays MIDI regions as staffs, played by track instruments. E

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 697A High Level Workflow ExampleThis section is designed to provide an overview of how you would approach the crea

698 Chapter 33 Working With Notation Project settings: You can set general display options that affect the whole project in the Score project set

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 699Step 3: Editing Note EventsEven with all of the display options discussed above, you may need to adjust the ap

Contents 7Chapter 16 415 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor415 Learning the Piano Roll Editor Interface418 Creating and Editing Note Events4

70 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupStoring and Recalling Zoom SettingsYou can store three different zoom settings for each window via use of

700 Chapter 33 Working With NotationStep 5: Editing the Whole ScoreOnce you’ve recorded or inserted all (or most) of the notes and symbols into yo

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 701Step 6: Printing a ScoreThe last step is printing your score. The printed result always corresponds to what yo

702 Chapter 33 Working With NotationEntering Notes and Symbols in the Score EditorYou can add notes and symbols in the following ways:Â Real time M

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 703Step InputStep input in the Score Editor works in the same way as other editor windows (see “MIDI Step Input Re

704 Chapter 33 Working With NotationMouse Input (Using the Part Box)A staff must exist before notes, symbols, and text elements (called objects in

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 705Although it doesn’t matter which MIDI region (staff) an object belongs to in full score mode (as they stay wher

706 Chapter 33 Working With NotationInsert QuantizationTo make positioning of notes and symbols easier, objects can only be inserted at certain bar

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 707Using Hyper Draw in the Score EditorYou can directly create and edit MIDI controller information in the Score E

708 Chapter 33 Working With NotationTo resize the Hyper Draw area:m Grab, and vertically move the dividing line that separates it from the Score Ed

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 709To lock Part box group positions:m Choose View > Partbox > Lock Group Positions.Choose the command a seco

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 71The navigate key commands allow you to recall the previous or next zoom settings. Store Navigation Snaps

710 Chapter 33 Working With NotationThe palettes can have different shapes, depending on the modifier pressed while opening a floating palette with

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 711Further key commands can also change the selection inside the Part box:Â Next Partbox Symbol and Previous Partb

712 Chapter 33 Working With NotationSustain Pedal SymbolsThese two symbols are the only score symbols—apart from notes—that directly represent MIDI

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 713Dynamic SymbolsThese symbols can be inserted at any position in the score. They are purely graphic symbols, and

714 Chapter 33 Working With NotationIf you combine this feature with Attributes > Stem > Hide, you can completely hide these notes in the pri

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 715Slurs, CrescendiThese symbols are graphic only, and have no impact on MIDI playback. To insert a slur or cresce

716 Chapter 33 Working With NotationTime SignaturesTime signatures inserted in the Score Editor globally affect all MIDI regions, on all display le

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 717Trills, Tremolo, and so onThe symbols in this group can be positioned anywhere, and are not attached to notes.

718 Chapter 33 Working With NotationText Objects, Chord SymbolsYou will find descriptions of the extensive range of text objects and chord symbols

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 719Note: The tempo indicators in the Transport bar and the Tempo List always refer to quarter notes, even if a ti

72 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupCatchEnable the Catch button to ensure that the visible section of a window follows the playhead during p

720 Chapter 33 Working With NotationPage Break and Line Break SymbolsBreak symbols (and No Line Break and No Page Break objects) can be inserted as

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 721Editing Notes and Symbols: Basic OperationsThis section covers basic editing methods that are used in the Scor

722 Chapter 33 Working With Notation Absolute Change (all values set to an equal value): Press Option during the procedure described above: as s

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 723Moving or Copying Objects With the MouseYou can move or copy notes and symbols with the mouse, just as in the P

724 Chapter 33 Working With NotationMoving Objects With Key CommandsA group of key commands are found in the Nudge Region/Event Position section of

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 725Pasting Passages at the Same Time Position You can use the Paste at Original Position and Paste Multiple at Ori

726 Chapter 33 Working With NotationWorking With Aliases in the Score EditorAlias is a term used for dependent MIDI regions and folders in the Arra

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 727Changing the Graphical Position of ObjectsYou can change the graphical position of objects to improve the layou

728 Chapter 33 Working With NotationChanging the Graphical Position of Independent Score Symbols You can use the following key commands to move any

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 729Editing Notes and Symbols: Advanced OperationsThis section covers more advanced usage of notes and other objec

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 73The symbol on the Link button reflects the chosen display mode:Content Catch ModeContent Catch mode is co

730 Chapter 33 Working With NotationTo change the length of a note:m Select the note, then do one of the following:Â Edit the Length parameter in t

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 731To change the tied note display with a user rest:m If you don’t like the way particular tied notes are displaye

732 Chapter 33 Working With NotationTo change the display of existing notes:1 Drag the N-tuplet symbol onto the first note. The target note must be

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 733To insert N-tuplets with the mouse:1 Insert the first note at the desired position.2 Drag the N-tuplet symbol o

734 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCreating Grace Notes and Independent NotesIndependent notes are notes that aren’t included in the automatic rhy

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 735Creating and Inserting RestsIn certain situations, you may want to insert rests manually. These manually insert

736 Chapter 33 Working With NotationTo change the rest type or duration:m Double-click on the rest symbol in the score with the Pointer tool.In the

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 737To change an existing clef:1 Double-click the clef. 2 Select the desired clef in the selection box shown below.

738 Chapter 33 Working With NotationEditing Slurs and CrescendiGiven their nature, slur and crescendi objects are edited in a very different way to

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 739Particular Attributes of Certain Symbols Crescendo: The tip determines the general position. At the upper rig

74 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupCustomizing the Arrange Window ToolbarYou can customize the Toolbar by adding buttons for the commands yo

740 Chapter 33 Working With NotationEditing Repeat Signs and Bar LinesRepeat signs and bar lines cannot be moved with the mouse. You can, however,

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 741The Alternate Repeat Symbols (for the whole project) option in File > Project Settings > Score > Globa

742 Chapter 33 Working With NotationWorking With TextYou can use text for a number of purposes in musical notation: to add performance indications

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 7433 Enter the desired text with the computer keyboard. As long as you are in text entry mode (indicated by the fl

744 Chapter 33 Working With NotationEditing TextIn general, you can edit text objects in the same way as other objects (see “Editing Notes and Symb

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 745Using Musical Symbol FontsMusical symbol fonts do not contain letters. They only contain musical symbols (such

746 Chapter 33 Working With NotationAbout the Default Text StylesThe default text styles have been designed for specific text elements, and are aut

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 747Importing Text Styles From Other ProjectsYou can add text styles created in another project to the current proj

748 Chapter 33 Working With Notation Outside, or directly on, any of the page margin lines.Text objects inserted in one of these areas are automat

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 749AlignAlthough alignments relating to bar positions are shown in the pop-up menu, they cannot be selected here.W

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 75When you resize the Arrange window, the Toolbar may not offer enough space to keep all buttons visible. T

750 Chapter 33 Working With NotationEditing lyrics is just like editing regular text. The Event Parameter box displays the same parameters (the Lyr

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 751Creating Chord SymbolsChord symbols are text objects designed for fast chord entry. Logic Express uses special

752 Chapter 33 Working With NotationTo edit a chord symbol, do one of the following:m Double-click on the root, then edit the chord symbol in the C

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 753Inputting Several Chord Symbols If you want to insert several chord symbols into the same staff, there is a sho

754 Chapter 33 Working With NotationGraphical Position of Chord SymbolsEach chord symbol is stored at a certain bar position in a MIDI region (ther

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 755Working With Time and Key SignaturesSignatures are global events, which affect all tracks in your project. You

756 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCreating Time SignaturesYou can create as many time signatures as needed in a project. To create a time signatu

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 757Creating Key SignaturesYou can create as many key signatures as needed in your project. To create a key signatu

758 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCopying SignaturesYou can copy time signatures and key signatures in the Signature List, or Signature track. It

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 759Editing SignaturesYou can edit existing signatures in the Score Editor and Signature track by double-clicking o

76 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup Bar and Time: Displays the Bar ruler above the SMPTE ruler.  Time and Bar: Displays the SMPTE ruler

760 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCreating and Choosing Signature AlternativesSignature alternatives are just that: alternative versions of all

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 761Transcribing MIDI RecordingsIn this section, you’ll learn how to use the Score Editor’s display parameters to c

762 Chapter 33 Working With NotationDefault Settings for New MIDI RegionsIf a new MIDI region is created with the Pencil tool in the Arrange area,

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 763Selecting Multiple Regions in the Score EditorYou can use two special functions to select multiple regions in t

764 Chapter 33 Working With NotationThe Quantize value is selected from a pop-up menu, which contains all available display quantization options. A

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 765Quantize Default SettingThe Quantize parameter’s Default option can only be set with the Insert Defaults (see “

766 Chapter 33 Working With NotationInterpretationIf Interpretation is enabled, notes are generally displayed with longer length values than their

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 767SyncopationIf Syncopation is enabled, each (MIDI) note will be notated as one graphic note (not displayed as se

768 Chapter 33 Working With NotationNo OverlapNo Overlap, when turned on, prevents the overlapped display of notes in melodies that are played with

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 769ScoreThis parameter is accessed via the Arrange window’s Region Parameter box (only visible if the View > Ex

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 77Displaying Global TracksAll linear editing windows can display global tracks just below the Bar ruler. Yo

770 Chapter 33 Working With NotationTo change note attributes, do one of the following:m Double-click a note head to launch the Note Attributes win

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 771Changing the Position of AccidentalsThis note attribute defines the deviation from the Acc./Note Distance value

772 Chapter 33 Working With NotationChanging the Stem Direction and LengthBy default, a note’s stem direction and length depends on the respective

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 773Changing the Voice or Staff AssignmentYou can change the voice or staff assignment for cross staff beaming in t

774 Chapter 33 Working With NotationChanging the Interpretation of NotesBy default, note interpretation matches the setting chosen in the Display P

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 775Note: As note attributes, these settings have priority over the staff style settings, but they only apply if t

776 Chapter 33 Working With NotationTo assign a staff style (predefined or user-created) to a MIDI region:1 Select the MIDI region.2 Choose the des

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 777Predefined Staff StylesLogic Express contains a number pre-defined staff styles. The table lists them all, and

778 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCreating Your Own Staff StylesYou can create new staff styles, and edit, delete, and duplicate existing staff s

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 779Â Hierarchy button: Click to switch the Staff Style window between single staff style view and list views (the

78 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup Click the Enable All or Disable All buttons to show or hide all global tracks, respectively. The choice

780 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCreating a New Staff StyleIn single view, you can create a new staff style by choosing New > Single Staff St

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 781Adding Staffs to a Staff StyleYou can add a staff to your staff style. This allows you to create a two-staff pi

782 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCopying Voices or Staffs into Other Staff StylesYou can copy one (or several) voices and staffs, inclusive of t

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 7836 Choose Edit > Paste (or use the Paste key command, default assignment: Command-V).Automatic Staff Style C

784 Chapter 33 Working With NotationBrackets and Bar Line ConnectionsYou can only edit this parameter in styles with multiple staffs: It lets you

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 785Â The staff size you should use in full scores depends on the number of staffs in the score, and the size and f

786 Chapter 33 Working With NotationRestThe automatic rest display can be switched off (Hide), or set to display beat slashes (slash) instead of re

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 787Assigning Notes to Voices and StaffsYou can use two different methods for assigning notes to voices and staffs:

788 Chapter 33 Working With NotationSplitting MIDI Channels AutomaticallyIf you record polyphonic voices as separate passes in real time, you can s

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 789Notes below the line are moved to the MIDI channel below their current assignment.3 If you make a mistake, just

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 79Using ScreensetsYou will position windows in a way that suits your working methods. This layout of variou

790 Chapter 33 Working With NotationAn advantage of this approach is that you don’t need to worry about MIDI channels during recording or input, an

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 791Cross Staff BeamingMusic for keyboard instruments or harp (which is notated in two staffs) sometimes contains p

792 Chapter 33 Working With Notation Select all notes, and change their MIDI channel to match that of the upper voice (in the Event Parameter box)

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 793Mapped staff styles allow you to assign individual voices to drum groups. Drum groups use specific drum notatio

794 Chapter 33 Working With Notation2 In the Head menu, choose the shape of the note head for notes triggered by this particular pitch. A note must

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 7955 Create a new mapped staff style by choosing New > Mapped Style in the Staff Style window, and inserting al

796 Chapter 33 Working With NotationUsing Score Sets to Create Scores and PartsYou can use score sets to determine which instrument tracks should b

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 797The Score Set WindowYou can create and edit score sets in the Score Set window. To open the Score Set window, d

798 Chapter 33 Working With NotationFull NameA click on any line in this column opens an entry field that contains the default “@(reference)”. If y

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 799Bar line connections can also be edited directly in the score. Just click on the upper end of a bar line to con

8 Contents530 Undoing Editing Steps in the Sample Editor531 Creating Manual Backups533 Working With the Digital Factory548 Using an External Sample Ed

80 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupTo switch a screenset automatically:1 Select the MIDI region into which you want to insert the meta event

800 Chapter 33 Working With NotationEditing Score SetsOnce you have created a score set, you can change the assignment of instrument entries, add i

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 801Scaling Score SetsYou can scale any score set to a desired size between 50 and 200 percent of the original size

802 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCreating Separate Layouts for Parts and ScoreYou can use separate layout parameters for the full score, and par

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 803Importing Score Sets From Other ProjectsYou can import score sets from other projects.To import score sets from

804 Chapter 33 Working With NotationPrinting the ScoreThis section covers the display options available when readying a score for printing, and als

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 805Setting BreaksYou can set line, link, and page breaks individually for each score set, and also for each of the

806 Chapter 33 Working With NotationPage Breaks You can use the Page Break symbols to insert a page break. This moves all bars that follow the page

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 807Changing the Margin and Header Values in Page Print ViewYou can change the Margin and Header Space project sett

808 Chapter 33 Working With NotationPrinting the ScoreThe printout of scores created in Logic Express is identical to the Score Editor’s Page view

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 809Exporting the Score as a Graphic FileYou can save a part of a Logic Express score page (or a whole page) as an

Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window Setup 81To copy screensets:1 Switch to the screenset you would like to copy, and choose Screensets > Duplicate

810 Chapter 33 Working With NotationCustomizing the Score Editor’s AppearanceThe following section outlines the various options for changing the ge

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 811Displaying Global TracksEnable the View > Global tracks setting to view the global tracks in the Score Edito

812 Chapter 33 Working With NotationGlobal Score SettingsThe Global Score project settings define global formatting options such as page margins, s

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 813The following sections describe the settings in detail.Top, Bottom, Left, and Right MarginThese values show the

814 Chapter 33 Working With NotationMaximum Bars/LineThis parameter can be useful when using small spacing values (see below), to prevent too many

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 815These parameters work relatively to a particular scoring situation, which is why no explicit settings can be gi

816 Chapter 33 Working With NotationThe #, b, x, and bb characters are also active in the German (H, B, Fis, …) mode, allowing for quick entry. In

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 817Automatic page and bar number display, and automatic display of instrument names can be switched on and off for

818 Chapter 33 Working With NotationExample: If you use the prefix Page—the word Page, followed by a space and the actual page number—will be disp

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 819Count Multiple RestsDisplays the first and last bar number below multiple rests. This makes sense if a negative

82 Chapter 3 Customizing Your Window SetupReverting to Saved ScreensetsThe Revert to Saved Screenset (or the corresponding key command) resets your

820 Chapter 33 Working With NotationGuitar TabGuitar tablature is an alternative method of notating music for fretted string instruments—especially

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 821Twelve different tuning sets can be defined. Each of them corresponds to one line in this tab. The regular guit

822 Chapter 33 Working With NotationPitchLogic Express assigns each note to the string on which it is playable, at the lowest possible position. In

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 823Further Information on Tablature NotationIn all of these assign modes, notes below the lowest string are not di

824 Chapter 33 Working With NotationClefs & SignaturesThese are general display options for clefs, key signatures, and time signatures. To open

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 825Smaller Clef ChangesClef changes (whether caused by a change of staff style, or by a new clef inserted from the

826 Chapter 33 Working With NotationOctave Symbol ParametersThese settings enable you to edit the text string (and text formatting) of the differen

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 827Note: If you have a high resolution printer, you should try to use smaller line thickness settings (2, or mayb

828 Chapter 33 Working With NotationMIDI MeaningThe settings in the MIDI Meaning tab determine if, and to what extent, the insertion of the listed

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 829How the MIDI Meaning Functions WorksThe MIDI Meaning functions are most useful when you’re inserting notes with

4 834 Setting Up Your SystemLogic Express automatically finds and configures supported audio and MIDI hardware when first installed and run. Ther

830 Chapter 33 Working With NotationColorsThe Colors tab determines the color palette for the currently active project.To open the Colors tab, do o

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 831There are three palettes, and some additional options in this window:Â Pitch Colors: Each note of the octave i

832 Chapter 33 Working With NotationScore PreferencesThe Score preference settings are global, and affect all project files. They can, however, be

Chapter 33 Working With Notation 833Â Choose Font: This pop-up menu allows you to choose from any installed scoring (symbol) fonts, such as the So

34 83534 Working With VideoLogic Express allows QuickTime movie files to be synchronously viewed, making film and TV scoring quick and easy.You c

836 Chapter 34 Working With VideoTo open a QuickTime movie, do one of the following:m Choose Options > Movie > Open Movie command (or use the

Chapter 34 Working With Video 837Resizing the Movie WindowYou can resize the Movie window by dragging its lower right corner.Control-clicking the m

838 Chapter 34 Working With VideoChanging Video Track SettingsThe settings of the Video track can be adjusted in Logic Express > Preferences >

Chapter 34 Working With Video 839Creating Scene MarkersYou can use the Create Scene Markers function to search the movie for significant content ch

84 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System Additional software that runs alongside, and integrates with, Logic Express. This includes a range of ReWire a

840 Chapter 34 Working With VideoHandling QuickTime Movie Audio TracksOnce a movie has been opened in a project, you can make use of the Import Aud

Chapter 34 Working With Video 8412 Choose the desired format options for the bounced audio file, and click OK.3 In the ensuing file selector box, e

842 Chapter 34 Working With VideoChoosing the Video OutputThe Video Output pop-up menu (in the Video settings tab) allows you to choose from the fo

Chapter 34 Working With Video 843Offsetting Video From a ProjectYou can directly enter the SMPTE offset value in the Movie Start field. This is ind

844 Chapter 34 Working With Video Video Track: Cache Resolution: Resolution of the thumbnails kept in the temporary internal memory (cache). Hig

35 84535 Synchronizing Logic ExpressLogic Express can be synchronized with external hardware and software via a number of different synchronizati

846 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressThe Synchronization Master and Slave RelationshipIn all synchronization situations, regardless of the sim

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 847Using the Sync ButtonYou can use the Sync button to turn external synchronization on or off at any time,

848 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressMTC InterpretationAs the MIDI standard only supports four of the six commonly used time code formats (the

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 849Synchronization Project SettingsThe Synchronization project settings allow you to specify all parameters

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 85Hard Drives and Storage LocationsMusic production generates a huge number of large files. These include samples

850 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressGeneralThe General tab of the Synchronization project settings offers the following synchronization param

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 851Frame RateThis is where you set the frame rate (in fps, frames per second). This frame rate applies to bo

852 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressValidate MTCThe Validate MTC menu allows you to specify how often Logic Express checks for incoming time

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 853AudioUse the Audio tab of the Synchronization project settings to keep your audio and MIDI tracks synchro

854 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressAudio Sync ModeThis is where you define how your audio hardware should be synchronized to an external tim

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 855MIDIThe MIDI tab of the Synchronization project settings configures Logic Express to send time code via M

856 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressTransmit MTC (MIDI Time Code)The checkbox activates transmission of MIDI time code. The menu determines t

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 857Some synchronizers send Full Frame Messages (instead of MTC) to locate the slave device (Logic Express in

858 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressSMPTE TypeThis is where you define the SMPTE format that you want to use:Â LTC: Longitudinal (also calle

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 859Displaying and Using SMPTE PositionsThe Bar ruler of each linear editing window can independently display

86 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemMIDI InterfaceYour Macintosh computer does not provide MIDI in or outputs. If you want to use MIDI devices equip

860 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressTo lock an object to its current SMPTE position:1 Select the desired object.2 Do one of the following:Â I

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 861MIDI Machine ControlMMC is a set of MIDI commands that Logic Express uses to control the transport functi

862 Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic ExpressIf the tape track is the current record track, the following functions apply:Â Selecting the tape track s

Chapter 35 Synchronizing Logic Express 863Synchronization Problems and SolutionsGiven the number of different synchronization types that are availa

36 86536 Working With Plug-in LatenciesAudio processed through plug-ins is subject to small timing delays, known as latency.Fortunately, Logic Ex

866 Chapter 36 Working With Plug-in LatenciesWorking With the Low Latency ModeThe Low Latency mode allows you to limit the maximum delay time cause

Chapter 36 Working With Plug-in Latencies 867Working With Plug-in Delay CompensationThe Compensation menu in the Logic Express > Preferences >

868 Chapter 36 Working With Plug-in LatenciesWith plug-in delay compensation set to All, Logic Express shifts the bass track forward by 10 ms, thus

Chapter 36 Working With Plug-in Latencies 869For these same reasons, you may encounter increased latency if playing software instrument tracks live

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 87Synthesizers and MIDI Controlled EffectsLogic Express provides plenty of software instruments and effects, and c

870 Chapter 36 Working With Plug-in LatenciesIf you are recording audio, another strategy would be to disable the Software Monitoring checkbox in t

37 87137 Working With Split Channel Audio File FormatsYou can store multi-channel audio as interleaved or split channel audio files. An interleav

872 Chapter 37 Working With Split Channel Audio File Formats Working With Split Stereo FilesLogic Express treats split stereo audio files with a na

Chapter 37 Working With Split Channel Audio File Formats 873 Exporting Split Channel FilesYou can bounce stereo files from Logic Express—in interle

38 87538 Working in the EnvironmentThe Environment controls all MIDI input and output, and also allows you to integrate and process the data of M

876 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentUsing the EnvironmentThis section outlines all general concepts and techniques needed to use the Environme

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 877Most objects can be remotely controlled by other MIDI events (using the sliders or modulation wheel of you

878 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentTo switch between layers:m Click the arrow button next to the Layer menu, and choose the desired layer fro

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 879The position (and existence) of the first two layers—All Objects and Global Objects—is protected, and they

88 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemAncillary Audio DevicesNo discussion of a Logic Express audio system would be complete without covering a number

880 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentCustomizing the Environment DisplayYou can customize the display of the Environment, using the options in

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 881Viewing a Frameless Environment WindowThere may be occasions where you would like to have access to partic

882 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentWorking With ObjectsAs with all windows, you interact with onscreen elements and data by using different t

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 883Moving Objects Between LayersThe Layer menu and the Clipboard allow you to move objects between layers. Yo

884 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentNote: If any objects are selected when attempting to paste objects to the current layer, a dialog asks if

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 885Adjusting the Size of ObjectsYou can adjust the size of fader, keyboard, and monitor objects by grabbing a

886 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentThis function allows you to follow the cabling from one (serially-cabled) object to the next. If several o

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 887The events played by the track region are mixed with incoming events (if any), and sent to the Environment

888 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentCreating Direct Output AssignmentsYou can create a direct output connection to a physical MIDI output from

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 889CablingThe cabling between Environment objects provides control over the entire MIDI signal path. A cable

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 89Audio Mixing ConsolesThe inclusion of an audio mixer—analog or digital—is heavily based on your typical studio u

890 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentTo make a connection between two objects—method 2:1 Option-click the triangle, which will open a hierarchi

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 891Making Multiple Cable ConnectionsThere is no limit to the number of cables that you can plug in to a desti

892 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentThe monitor object allows you to view the MIDI events flowing through it.To select a common destination fo

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 893To cable a group of the same type of object (transformers, faders, and so on) to a common destination:1 Ca

894 Chapter 38 Working in the Environment Show Sends: Removed (always displayed in Arrange channel strips). Show I/O: Removed (always displayed

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 895Objects not in the Track Assignment menu can still be assigned to tracks by dragging them from the Environ

896 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentImporting, Replacing, and Swapping EnvironmentsThis section covers the different types of Environment impo

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 897Replacing an Older Environment With a Current OneIf you have only added things to the Environment, but not

898 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentImport OptionsThe last two items on the Import menu provide additional options for the import process:Â Im

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 899The Environment ObjectsThis section covers each type of Environment object in detail, outlining what each

Contents 9598 Customizing the Mixer603 Using the I/O Labels WindowChapter 26 605 Working With Automation606 Displaying Track Automation609 Setting an

90 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemUltimately, either microphone type can be used for any recording job, but each will offer a distinct advantage—s

900 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentProgram, Volume, and Pan The Program, Volume, and Pan parameters transmit program changes, volume controll

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 901No TransposeIf the No Transpose parameter is active, all regions on any tracks played by this instrument o

902 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentEach sub-instrument has a complete set of instrument parameters (identical to those outlined in the Standa

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 903Activating and Selecting Sub-InstrumentsTo select a sub-instrument (to address a specific MIDI channel num

904 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentThe Sub-Instrument’s Parameter BoxThe sub-instrument parameters are the same as those of standard instrume

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 905Depending on whether or not you have activated the sub-instrument’s Program parameter, the following infor

906 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentDifferent bank select formats are used by different MIDI instrument manufacturers—please consult your MIDI

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 907You can create MIDI events here as you would in the Event List, by cutting, copying, inserting, and editin

908 Chapter 38 Working in the Environment Assigned its own MIDI channel Sent to one of up to 16 output cables (this allows you to create a single

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 909If a MIDI region (on a track routed to a mapped instrument object) is displayed in the Piano Roll Editor,

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 91There are two kinds of FireWire connectors: a 4-pin connector (typically found on video equipment, such as camc

910 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentCabling Mapped InstrumentsYou can send individual notes from a mapped instrument object to (up to) 16 diff

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 911GM MixerThe GM mixer is a collection of 16 fader modules, configured to emulate a virtual mixing desk for

912 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentLegendThe Legend parameter switches the display of the legend along the left edge of the GM Mixer on and o

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 913Adjusting the Level of a ChannelThe Level fader controls the output level of a MIDI channel. Adjusting it

914 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentMMC Record ButtonsThe MMC record buttons object allows you to control the record enable status of external

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 915Monitor ObjectA monitor objects displays all events (MIDI and meta) passing through it. It remembers the l

916 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentArpeggiatorAn arpeggiator object turns chords into arpeggios. It plays the currently held notes—individual

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 917 Up/Down: Up and down—highest and lowest notes repeat. Auto: Up or down, depending on whether the seco

918 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentController BaseAll ten parameters of the arpeggiator object can be remote-controlled with MIDI continuous

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 9193 Cable the output of the transformer object into this newly created instrument (which, in essence, is sim

92 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemAudio CablingThe following types of audio cables and connectors are usually used on professional and consumer au

920 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentCopy matching events and apply operationAll MIDI events which conform to the condition are copied, and the

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 921In the Conditions area, you select the type of MIDI event that will affect the data bytes in the SysEx mes

922 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentControlling the Condition and Operation Values via Meta EventsYou can control the values of any transforme

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 923Delay Line ObjectA delay line object repeats (echoes) MIDI events passing through it—at intervals ranging

924 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentVoice Limiter ObjectA voice limiter object restricts the number of MIDI notes (1 to 32) that can be held s

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 925Chord Memorizer ObjectA chord memorizer maps individual notes to chords. You can assign one chord to each

926 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentWorking in the Chord Memorizer WindowDouble-clicking on a chord memorizer opens the Chord Memorizer window

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 9273 Play the notes of the desired chord. You can play them one at a time, or as a chord. If you make a mista

928 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentUsing the Touch Tracks WindowYou open the Touch Tracks window by double-clicking on a touch tracks object.

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 929Transpos (Transposition)When you drag a region to a key in the Touch Tracks window, that key triggers the

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 93AES/EBU, S/PDIF, and ADATThe AES/EBU, S/PDIF, and ADAT protocols provide a digital connection between profession

930 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentPhysical Input and Sequencer Input ObjectsThe Physical Input object represents the physical inputs of your

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 931Physical Input ObjectThe Physical Input object receives MIDI signals from the inputs of the MIDI interface

932 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentMIDI Click ObjectThe MIDI Click object is used to create note events at bar, beat, and division intervals.

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 933Internal ObjectsInternal objects include instruments located inside your Macintosh (such as software synth

934 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentApart from common parameters, the ReWire object offers three settings:Â Device: This setting refers to th

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 935To use the alias assigner, cable its top output to the alias, and cable subsequent outputs to the various

936 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentMacrosMacros are not actually Environment objects. Rather, they are collections of other Environment objec

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 937Defining a Macro’s Input and OutputAs a macro is a collection of objects, individual objects need to be sp

938 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentFadersFaders are used to send MIDI events by clicking or click-dragging on them. Faders come in different

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 939Fader OperationNormally, you’ll grab the surface of a fader, and drag it vertically or horizontally, depen

94 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemConnecting Your MIDI Keyboard and ModulesIf using a simple MIDI master keyboard, without internal tone generatio

940 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentWorking With Object GroupsWhen building a virtual mixing desk or synthesizer control panel in the Environm

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 941Special FunctionsThis section outlines several behaviors and commands that enhance the use of fader object

942 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentRecording and Playback of Fader MovementsAs with the channel strips in the Mixer, you can record fader obj

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 943ButtonsButton style faders can only send two possible values: the minimum and maximum values of their ran

944 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentText Fader RangeThe Range parameter determines the number of names that can be entered into a text style f

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 945The Input and Output Definition ParametersThese are used to define the Input and Output parameters:Â Outpu

946 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentFader Functions: Range, Val AsThese parameters determine the minimum and maximum values of a fader, and h

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 947ThruAll MIDI events coming from the Physical Input object are filtered. This is the same as turning off al

948 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentVector FaderVector faders function like joysticks—they can be moved in two dimensions: up/down and left/r

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 949If you alter the range, the center and corners will behave differently, with the four values always totall

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 95If the MIDI interface connected to your computer only offers one MIDI output, you need to connect the MIDI In of

950 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentCable SwitchersCable Switcher objects route events, rather than generating them. Any kind of MIDI or meta

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 951Meta Event FadersMeta faders generate special meta events, which are used to control certain Logic Express

952 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentGo to Marker, Screenset, or ProjectChoosing New > Fader > Special > Go to Marker creates a fader

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 953Opening the SysEx Fader WindowWhen you set a fader’s Output or Input definition to SysEx, the SysEx fader

954 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentTo manually enter SysEx strings:m Enable the Create button, then click the SysEx button.A generic SysEx me

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 955Setting the SysEx Data FormatThe terms SUM for the checksum and VAL for the fader value being sent are dis

956 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentValue Byte FormatThe unused bits of the transfer in nibbles (X in 0XXXNNNN) are sent with the information

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 957Channel Strip ObjectsThe Environment’s channel strip object (see “Channel Strip Types” on page 590) is the

958 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentImportant: If File > Project Settings > Audio > Automatic Management of Channel Strip objects is

Chapter 38 Working in the Environment 959 Instrument: Used as the destination for Arrange (software) instrument tracks. Output: These channel s

96 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemAs such, all data sent on MIDI channel 1 will be sent to all four of the daisy-chained MIDI tone generators. Eac

960 Chapter 38 Working in the EnvironmentBus ChannelYou can only create bus channel strip objects in the Environment. In general, you will not need

39 96139 Project Settings and PreferencesThe project settings and preferences allow you to define many basic operating parameters for Logic Expre

962 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesSaving Project Settings and PreferencesThe project settings are stored with the project file. If you

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 963Metronome SettingsThe Metronome project settings combine all speaker click, MIDI click, and KlopfGei

964 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesSoftware Click Instrument (KlopfGeist) Settings Software Click Instrument (KlopfGeist) checkbox: C

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 965Recording SettingsThe Recording project settings determine how Logic Express responds while in recor

966 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesOverlapping RecordingsThis pop-up menu provides the following settings:Â Create take folders: As th

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 967Tuning SettingsLogic Express includes a real time tuning system, for use with the included software

968 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesFor the rest of the scale: Tune the next fifth up: 150 x 3 = 450. Divide this by 2 to get 225 (whi

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 969The CommaThe difference between a perfectly tuned octave, and the octave resulting from a tuned circ

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 97Separating a MIDI Keyboard From Its Sound GeneratorIf your MIDI keyboard has an internal sound source, it is imp

970 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesWhat Is Hermode Tuning?Hermode Tuning automatically controls the tuning of electronic keyboard instr

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 971Tuning Project SettingsThe Tuning project setting parameters are listed below.TuneThis parameter det

972 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesThe Fixed Tuning scales are ideal for a number of Baroque and Medieval instruments, and styles of mu

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 973Audio SettingsThe Audio project settings determine audio-specific project parameters.Automatic Manag

974 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesMIDI SettingsThe MIDI project settings determine the behavior of the MIDI inputs and outputs. The MI

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 975Instrument Without MIDI Thru FunctionThe instrument selected here will not pass events through the c

976 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesPreferencesThe settings made in the Preferences window are saved in a general preference file, store

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 977Project Handling PreferencesThe Project Handling preferences determine how Logic Express handles pro

978 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesEditing Preferences Right Mouse Button: This pop-up menu determines the right mouse button behavio

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 979Â If you activate the option, you can cut the looped area of regions (using the Scissors or Marquee

98 Chapter 4 Setting Up Your SystemUsing External MIDI DevicesLogic Express recognizes all MIDI devices set up in the Audio MIDI Setup (AMS) utilit

980 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesCatch Preferences Catch when Logic starts: Every time you start playback (including paused playbac

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 981Audio PreferencesThe Audio preferences contain the following tabs: Devices General  Sample Editor

982 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesTrack Mute/SoloThis menu determines the linking relationship of the Track Mute and Solo buttons with

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 983Plug-in Delay CompensationPlug-in delay compensation is useful for software effect plug-ins, and is

984 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesSample Editor Preferences Warning before processing function by key command: Switch this on if you

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 985MP3 Preferences Bit Rate (Mono/Stereo): The bit rates are selectable between 32 kbps and 320 kbps,

986 Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences Stereo Mode: You can choose between Joint Stereo or Normal Stereo in this pop-up menu. Depending

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 987MIDI PreferencesThese tabs determine how Logic Express communicates with your MIDI interface and oth

988 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesSync Preferences All MIDI Output Delay field: Delays or advances the MIDI output for all ports, al

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 989 MMC standard messages: The MIDI MMC specification is strictly followed. Old Fostex Format: The

Chapter 4 Setting Up Your System 99Configuring Your Audio HardwareTo use particular audio interfaces with Logic Express, the driver for the device

990 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesDisplay PreferencesThese preferences alter the general appearance of Logic Express.To open the Displ

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 991Level Meters Section Scale menu: Switches level meters between a Sectional dB-linear scale, and an

992 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesOther PreferencesThese preferences affect the appearance of specific windows.Environment: Allow ‘Al

Chapter 39 Project Settings and Preferences 993Score PreferencesThe Score Preferences are described in detail in the Score chapter (see “Score Pref

994 Chapter 39 Project Settings and PreferencesControl Surfaces PreferencesThe Control Surface preferences are discussed in the Control Surfaces Su

995AppendixLearning More, Service, and SupportIf your Apple Computer needs service, take it to an Apple Authorized Service Provider or contact A

996 Appendix Learning More, Service, and SupportAppleCare Service and Support InformationYour Apple software comes with 90 days of telephone supp

997GlossaryGlossaryAAC Abbreviation for Advanced Audio Codec. A compression and decompression algorithm and file format for audio data.AAF Abb

998 GlossaryALAC Abbreviation for Apple Lossless Audio Codec, an encoding/decoding algorithm that delivers lossless audio compression.alias A pointe

Glossary 999attenuate The act of lowering the level of an audio signal (see boosting and cutting).Audio Bin Window (or tab in the Media area of the