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Mac OS X ServerWeb Technologies AdministrationVersion 10.6 Snow Leopard

10 Preface About This GuideViewing PDF Guides OnscreenWhile reading the PDF version of a guide onscreen:Show bookmarks to see the guide’s outl

Preface About This Guide 11Getting Documentation UpdatesPeriodically, Apple posts revised help pages and new editions of guides. Some revised he

12Use this chapter to become familiar with web technologies and to understand the major components before setting up web services and sites.Web serv

Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview 13When conguring Web service, make sure your DNS server is properly congured, and if you are going to requ

It is possible to write CGI scripts in several scripting languages, including Perl and Python. The folder /Library/WebServer/CGI-Executable is the def

Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview 15Providing Secure TransactionsTo provide secure transactions on your server, set up SSL protection. SSL let

Understanding WebDAVIf you use WebDAV to provide live authoring on your website, you must create realms and set access privileges for users. Each sit

Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview 17Dening RealmsWhen you dene a realm, which is typically a folder (or le system), the access privileges y

Web Server Responses (Content Handlers)When a le is requested, the web server handles the le using the response specied for the le’s sux. Respons

19Use this chapter to learn how to use Server Admin to set up Web service and to manage web settings and components.Mac OS X Server combines the l

Apple Inc. K© 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of Mac OS X Server software might reproduce this public

Step 7: Congure web services.Use Web service settings to set up common settings shared between wikis, blogs, web calendars, and web-based mailing lis

Chapter 2 Working with Web Service 21Conguring Web Service General SettingsYou use the General settings pane in Web service to congure web ser

From the command line:To view a setting: m$ sudo serveradmin settings web:settingTo view a group of settings: m$ sudo serveradmin settings web:IFModul

Chapter 2 Working with Web Service 23The server’s default MIME type is text/html, which species that a le contains HTML text.The web server is

Conguring Web Service Proxy SettingsYou use the Proxy settings pane in Web service to congure a forward proxy. A forward proxy is located between th

Chapter 2 Working with Web Service 25 5 Select the Enable Forward Proxy checkbox.If a forward proxy server is enabled, each site on the server

Conguring Web Service Modules SettingsYou use the Modules settings pane in Web service to congure the web modules your server will use.The Web servi

Chapter 2 Working with Web Service 27 7 In the SMTP Relay eld, click Congure and enter the name of the server used to deliver email noticati

Managing Web ServiceThis section describes typical day-to-day tasks you might perform after you set up Web service on your server. Initial setup info

Chapter 2 Working with Web Service 29Viewing Web Service LogsUse Server Admin to view the error and access logs for Web service, if you enabled

7 Preface: About This Guide7 What’s New in Web Service7 What’s in This Guide8 Using Onscreen Help9 Documention Map10 Viewing PDF Guides Onscree

For information about serveradmin, see its man page. For the basics of command-line tool usage, see Introduction to Command-Line Administration.Viewin

Chapter 2 Working with Web Service 31Performance TuningYou can limit the period of time that users are connected to the server. You can also spe

Setting Persistent Connections for the Web ServerYou can set up your web server to respond to multiple requests from a client computer without closing

33Use this chapter to create and manage websites that are hosted on your web server.With Web service congured and your web server running, you ca

Step 3: Assign privileges for your website.The Apache processes that serve webpages must have Read access to les and Read/Execute access to folders.

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 35Step 6: (Optional) Congure website Apache options.Use the Sites Options pane to congure Apache web

Setting Up Your WebsiteThe following sections provide instructions for setting up your website.Setting Up the Web FolderTo make les available through

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 37WARNING: Do not try to access the server through the direct ports. Instead, allow your access to be

Conguring Website Apache OptionsThe default page appears when a user connects to your website by specifying a folder or host name instead of a le na

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 39Using Realms to Control AccessYou can use realms to control access and provide security to locations

4 Contents19 Chapter 2: Working with Web Service19 Setup Overview20 Turning Web Service On20 Setting Up Web Service21 Conguring Web Servic

9 Enter the realm location or folder you are restricting access to:Choose Location from the pop-up menu and enter a URL to the location in the Âweb

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 41To enable access and error logs for a website: 1 Open Server Admin and connect to the server. 2 Cli

Enabling Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) provides security for a site and its users by authenticating the server, encrypting info

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 43 4 Click Sites, then select the website in the list. 5 Click Security below the websites list. 6 I

For example, you could set up a redirect so that if the user enters a URL such as www.example.com/images/boats.jpg and the site has an images folder c

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 45To create or edit aliases the site responds to: 1 Open Server Admin and connect to the server. 2 Cl

The reverse proxy is usually enforced by an external or LAN rewall, which only permits authorized outbound connections to the web server through port

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 47Enabling Optional Web ServicesYou can enable additional web services such as wikis, blogs, or webmail

3 If you’ve restricted access to specic users, enter a valid user name and password.WARNING: Do not try to access the server through the direct po

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 49 4 Click the triangle at the left of the server.The list of services appears. 5 From the expanded S

Contents 552 Enabling WebDAV on Websites52 Using WebDAV to Share Files53 Conguring Web Content File and Folder Permissions54 Managing Multiple

Enabling a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) ScriptCommon Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts (or programs) send information between your website and applica

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 51Monitoring Website ActivityUse website logs to monitor your website activity and server events. You c

Using WebDAV to Manage Website ContentWebDAV lets you or your users make changes to websites while the sites are running. With WebDAV, users or groups

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 53Browsers are not generally WebDAV-enabled, but a browser can access a WebDAV-enabled site and perform

If you need to change web content les and folders while you are logged in as an Âadministrator, those les or folders must be modiable by the admin

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 55Using Aliases to Have a Site Respond to Multiple NamesIf you want a website to respond to multiple na

Web Service CongurationAll folder listings in Web service use Apache’s FancyIndexing directive, which makes folder listings more readable.In Server A

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Websites 57Indexing settings also apply to subfolders placed in the user’s Sites folder. If the user adds a cont

58Use this chapter to learn how to enable Webmail for the websites on your server to provide access to basic mail operations via a web connection.We

Chapter 4 Conguring and Managing Webmail 59To use Webmail, a user must have an account on your mail server. Therefore, you must have Mail servi

6 Contents76 Viewing Web Modules77 Adding Web Modules77 Enabling Web Modules78 Changing Web Modules78 Deleting Web Modules79 Macintosh-Spec

Enabling WebmailUse Server Admin to enable Webmail for websites hosted on your web server. Changes you make take eect when you restart Web server.Imp

Chapter 4 Conguring and Managing Webmail 61You can congure the following SquirrelMail options to integrate Webmail with your site: Â Organizat

62Use this chapter to become familiar with open source applications Mac OS X Server uses to administer and deliver web services.Several open source

Chapter 5 Working with Open Source Applications 63File Description Apache 2.2 LocationConguration le for Web service /etc/apache2/ folderSite

Restoring the Default CongurationIt is possible to restore a factory setting or default conguration of Apache without reinstalling Mac OS X Server.

Chapter 5 Working with Open Source Applications 65To stop Apache from the command line: 1 Open your script. 2 Enter the following command:serv

Follow the instructions that accompany the warning messages if you require those optional components.Consult Axis User’s Guide to learn more about usi

Chapter 5 Working with Open Source Applications 67 4 Click Settings, then click General. 5 Select the Enable Tomcat checkbox. 6 Click Save.Fr

5 Select the “Allow network connections” checkbox to permit users to access MySQL service.This grants users access to database information through

Chapter 5 Working with Open Source Applications 69Starting MySQL ServiceYou start MySQL service from Server Admin.To start MySQL service: 1 Ope

7This guide provides instructions for setting up and managing a web server and websites, and how to use open source web technologies.Mac OS X Serve

Viewing MySQL Service and Admin LogsMySQL service keeps two types of logs: Â The MySQL service log, which records the time of events such as when MySQ

Chapter 5 Working with Open Source Applications 71At some point a newer version of MySQL will be posted to www.mysql.com. At that time you can d

Managing the Deployment of Ruby on Rails ApplicationsYou can use Server Admin to manage the deployment of Ruby on Rails applications with the Apache 2

Chapter 5 Working with Open Source Applications 73 9 Select the Enable Reverse Proxy checkbox. 10 Verify that the Proxy path eld is set to “

If you specied a model or scaold in your Rails application, the URL might be something like http://127.0.0.1/rails/<ModelName>.You should see

75Use this chapter to become familiar with Apache web modules that provide key features and controls for Web service.The Apache web server include

dav_module and dav_fs_module should be in the same state. Âencoding_module requires that headers_module, dav_module, and dav_fs_module Âare enabled.c

Chapter 6 Managing Web Modules 77Adding Web ModulesYou can use Server Admin to add web modules to your web server.Before you can add a web modul

Changing Web ModulesYou can use Server Admin to change web modules on your server.To modify web module settings: 1 Open Server Admin and connect to t

Chapter 6 Managing Web Modules 79Macintosh-Specic ModulesWeb service in Mac OS X Server installs the following modules specic to the Macintosh

8 Preface About This GuideChapter  6, “Managing Web Modules,” describes the modules included in Mac OS X Server and explains how to install,

PHPPHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) lets you handle dynamic web content by using a server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language resembling C. Web dev

Chapter 6 Managing Web Modules 81EncodingEngine directive: This directive enables and disables mod_encoding. Correct operation of mod_encoding a

For additional information about mod_encoding, download a version and read additional documentation provided in the source distribution from www.denpa

83If you experience a problem with Web service or its components, use the tips and strategies in this chapter.From time to time you might encounte

If a Web Module or Component Is Not Functioning as ExpectedTry the following strategies to uncover the problem:Read the error log in Server Admin for

Aaccessaliases 43Apache Axis 65blog service 14CGI script permissions 50client connections 31, 32proxy server 24securing web content 57user 17,

86 IndexDefaultClientEncoding directive 81digest authentication, WebDAV 39, 79digest module 75directory services, Open Directory 79disk_cache m

Index 87viewing 76mod_xsendle module 82Mongrel web server 71mongrel_rails tool 71multicast DNS registration 65, 79multihoming 54multiple web

88 IndexUupgradingApache web server 13MySQL 70user accounts, webmail 59usersaccess control 17, 39blog service 14home folders 55permissions 1

Preface About This Guide 9Documention MapMac OS X Server has a suite of guides that can cover management of individual services. Each service ma